The health impacts of traffic-related exposures in urban areas: Understanding real effects, underlying driving forces and co-producing future directions
The health impacts of traffic-related exposures in urban areas: Understanding real effects, underlying driving forces and co-producing future directions
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jth.2016.07.002
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Khreis, Haneen;Warsow, Karyn M.;Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark
目前，世界正在见证人类历史上最大规模的城市增长激增;这一趋势引起了人们对了解和解决城市生活对健康影响的必要性的关注。虽然交通工具是在这个城市化浪潮中，它也有显着的积极和消极的影响，人口健康，这是不成比例的distributed.In本文中，我们汇集了专业知识，在交通工程，交通和城市规划，研究和战略管理，流行病学和健康影响评估的范围和讨论的健康影响，在城市地区的交通。采用跨学科、合作生产的方法，我们探讨了当前城市交通状况背后的关键驱动力，并概述了有助于将健康定位于交通设计、规划和政策核心的实践建议。目前对城市交通健康相关影响的了解表明，机动车交通正在通过机动车碰撞造成显著的过早死亡率和发病率，缺乏体力活动和与交通有关的环境暴露，包括空气污染、噪音和温度水平的增加，以及绿色空间的减少。快速和以汽车为中心的城市化趋势、大规模机动化以及在交通和发展议程中倾向于汽车流动性和低估健康的政策趋势，都导致并加剧了交通系统对健康的负面影响。同时，我们还认为，新的交通计划对经济的好处被强调，而与运输相关的健康影响的范围和严重程度往往被低估。最后，我们概述了利益相关者的建议，采取跨学科的合作生产的方法，需要一个健康意识的角度来看，并有可能促进运输实践的范式转变。(C)2016爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有
The world is currently witnessing its largest surge of urban growth in human history; a trend that draws attention to the need to understand and address health impacts of urban living. Whilst transport is instrumental in this urbanisation wave, it also has significant positive and negative impacts on population health, which are disproportionately distributed.In this paper, we bring together expertise in transport engineering, transport and urban planning, research and strategic management, epidemiology and health impact assessment in an exercise to scope and discuss the health impacts of transport in urban areas. Adopting a cross-disciplinary, co-production approach, we explore the key driving forces behind the current state of urban mobility and outline recommendations for practices that could facilitate positioning health at the core of transport design, planning and policy.Current knowledge on the health-related impacts of urban transport shows that motor vehicle traffic is causing significant premature mortality and morbidity through motor vehicle crashes, physical inactivity and traffic -related environmental exposures including increases in air pollution, noise and temperature levels, as well as reductions in green space. Trends of rapid and car-centred urbanisation, mass motorisation and a tendency of policy to favour car mobility and undervalue health in the transport and development agenda has both led to, and exacerbated the negative health impacts of the transport systems. Simultaneously, we also argue that the benefits of new transport schemes on the economy are emphasised whilst the range and severity of identified health impacts associated with transport are often downplayed. We conclude the paper by outlining stakeholders' recommendations for the adoption of a cross-disciplinary co-production approach that takes a health-aware perspective and has the potential to promote a paradigm shift in transport practices. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.