Carbonates in the Critical Zone
Carbonates in the Critical Zone
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DOI：
10.1029/2022ef002765
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发表时间：
2022-12
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. D. Covington;Jonathan B. Martin;Laura Toran;Jennifer Macalady;Pamela L Sullivan;Angel A Garcia
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文献类型：
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作者：
M. D. Covington;Jonathan B. Martin;Laura Toran;Jennifer Macalady;Pamela L Sullivan;Angel A Garcia
地球的临界区（CZ）是岩石风化和景观与生命共同进化的近地表层，深受底层基岩类型的影响。以前的研究采用CZ框架主要集中在景观为主的硅酸盐岩石。然而，碳酸盐岩分布在地球无冰大陆表面的约15%，为12亿人提供重要的水资源和生态系统服务。与硅酸盐不同，碳酸盐矿物风化一致，具有高溶解度和快速溶解动力学，能够形成大的互连孔隙空间和优先流动路径，从而重构CZ。在这里，我们回顾了碳酸盐CZ的知识状态，探索在不同的碳酸盐环境中产生对比的CZ参数，并确定有关碳酸盐CZ过程的重要未决问题。我们介绍了碳酸盐-硅酸盐CZ光谱的概念，并研究了目前的CZ概念模型，如输送带模型，是否可以应用于碳酸盐景观。我们认为，为了超越特定地点的理解，并为碳酸盐在CZ中的作用建立一个更一般的概念框架，我们需要综合研究碳酸盐-硅酸盐光谱和一系列碳酸盐环境。
Earth's Critical Zone (CZ), the near‐surface layer where rock is weathered and landscapes co‐evolve with life, is profoundly influenced by the type of underlying bedrock. Previous studies employing the CZ framework have focused primarily on landscapes dominated by silicate rocks. However, carbonate rocks crop out on approximately 15% of Earth's ice‐free continental surface and provide important water resources and ecosystem services to ∼1.2 billion people. Unlike silicates, carbonate minerals weather congruently and have high solubilities and rapid dissolution kinetics, enabling the development of large, interconnected pore spaces and preferential flow paths that restructure the CZ. Here we review the state of knowledge of the carbonate CZ, exploring parameters that produce contrasts in the CZ in different carbonate settings and identifying important open questions about carbonate CZ processes. We introduce the concept of a carbonate‐silicate CZ spectrum and examine whether current conceptual models of the CZ, such as the conveyor model, can be applied to carbonate landscapes. We argue that, to advance beyond site‐specific understanding and develop a more general conceptual framework for the role of carbonates in the CZ, we need integrative studies spanning both the carbonate‐silicate spectrum and a range of carbonate settings.