SPEED AND INTELLIGENCE IN OLD-AGE
SPEED AND INTELLIGENCE IN OLD-AGE
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DOI：
10.1037/0882-7974.8.2.207
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发表时间：
1993-06-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
KLIEGL, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LINDENBERGER, U;MAYR, U;KLIEGL, R
过去的研究表明，认知速度测量的年龄差异导致年轻人和老年人之间智力功能的差异。为了调查速度是否也能预测 70 岁以上智力表现中与年龄相关的差异，对接近代表性、按年龄分层的老年人和高龄成年人样本进行了测试，显示 5 种智力能力（速度、推理、记忆、知识和流畅性）。所有 5 种能力的年龄趋势都可以通过负线性函数很好地描述。年龄的速度介导效应充分解释了年龄与其他4种能力的共同方差和特异方差之间的关系。结果有力地支持了老年认知能力下降的速度假说，但需要通过进一步研究速度测量中年龄差异的原因来验证。
Past research suggests that age differences in measures of cognitive speed contribute to differences in intellectual functioning between young and old adults. To investigate whether speed also predicts age-related differences in intellectual performance beyond age 70 years, tests indicating 5 intellectual abilities-speed, reasoning, memory, knowledge, and fluency-were administered to a close-to-representative, age-stratified sample of old and very old adults. Age trends of all 5 abilities were well described by a negative linear function. The speed-mediated effect of age fully explained the relationship between age and both the common and the specific variance of the other 4 abilities. Results offer strong support for the speed hypothesis of old age cognitive decline but need to be qualified by further research on the reasons underlying age differences in measures of speed.