Securing the future by remembering the past: But just when does this past and future begin to develop?
Securing the future by remembering the past: But just when does this past and future begin to develop?
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铭记过去，确保未来：但是，过去和未来何时开始发展？
DOI：
10.1016/j.jarmac.2013.09.002
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Howe M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Howe M
对Stanley B. Klein文章的评论（见记录2013-42897-004）。克莱因认为，至少有一种导致联想记忆出现的进化压力是生物体对未来的预测和计划的需要。当前记忆研究的时代思潮赞同克莱因的观点，尤其是那些涉猎所谓“适应性记忆”的人。尽管这可能是联想记忆的未来规划方面的先兆，但结果并没有证明克莱因所指的那种情景预见。尽管情景预见性存在早期的先兆，涉及不成熟的情景记忆，但研究表明，至少对人类来说，克莱因所设想的那种真正的未来规划可能要到三岁才会出现。随着记忆的这一方面的出现，至少有四种近似的机制已经被确定，它们需要到位，以使情景预见性的成熟功能：存储和保留过程的发展；发展检索技能，使储存的过去资料也可查阅；与年龄相关的绑定变化，使过去的经历更好地整合到联想网络中，与年龄相关的执行过程改善，如反应抑制和工作记忆。这些行为和神经生物学的发展共同决定了对过去的情景记忆和用于计划未来的情景预见的出现。的确，正因为人类是依靠过去经验积累的知识来想象和计划未来的动物，童年往往比其他动物物种要漫长得多。（PsycInfo数据库记录(c) 2022 APA，版权所有）
Comments on an article by Stanley B. Klein (see record 2013-42897-004). Klein suggests that at least one evolutionary pressure that led to the emergence of associative memory is the need for organisms to anticipate and plan for the future. The current zeitgeist in memory research is sympathetic with Klein’s view, particularly among those who dabble in what is known as" adaptive memory". Although perhaps a precursor to the future planning aspects of associative memory, the results do not demonstrate the sort of episodic foresight that Klein is referring to. Although there exist early precursors to episodic foresight, ones that involve an immature form of episodic memory, research has shown that for humans, at least, true future planning of the sort Klein envisages may not emerge until three years of age. As this aspect of memory emerges, there are at least four proximate mechanisms that have been identified that need to be in place for the mature functioning of episodic foresight: development of storage and retention processes; development of retrieval skills so the past that is available in storage is also accessible; age-related changes in binding so that past experiences become better integrated in associative networks and age-related improvements in executive processing like response inhibition and working memory. Together these behavioral and neurobiological developments determine the emergence of both episodic memory for the past and episodic foresight used to plan for the future. Indeed, it is because humans are animals that rely on the accumulated knowledge of our past experiences in order to imagine and plan for our future, childhood tends to be a much more protracted period than that of other animal species.(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)