Ethological observations on foraging behavior of the ctenophore Leucothea sp. in the open sea1
Ethological observations on foraging behavior of the ctenophore Leucothea sp. in the open sea1
复制标题
栉水母Leucothea sp. 觅食行为的行为学观察。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1987
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Peggy P. Hamner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Hamner;S. Strand;G. Matsumoto;Peggy P. Hamner
在白天在卡塔利娜海峡潜水时看到的所有白足类中，45%在18到22米的深度之间，通常以温跃层上的桡足类动物为食，主要是Clausocalanus。对未受干扰的个体进行长达40分钟的观察和录像。栉水母主动选择特定的觅食深度，大约60%的时间在水柱中水平觅食，20%的时间直接向上或向下快速游动，20%的时间静止不动，中性浮力。浮游动物远距离水平觅食活动的范围和重要性以及浮游动物个体行为与斑块动态的关系一直被低估。动物行为学关注的是个体动物在其自身环境中的自然行为（Eisner and Wilson, 1975）。虽然用动物行为学的方法来了解野生动物的行为现在在地球表面的大多数环境中是常规的，但在公海中使用动物行为学技术是罕见的。与所有其他栖息地不同的是，在海洋中，通常不可能日复一日地返回，甚至很多时候甚至不是一个小时又一个小时地返回，遇到以前存在的同一个体动物甚至同一物种。因此，研究海洋动物自然行为的学生几乎只关心动物种群在空间和时间上的统计行为。因此，对统计定义的现象的研究，如浮游生物种群的垂直昼夜迁徙或鱼类种群的水平迁徙，主导了海洋行为文献。然而，在某些情况下，对单个海洋动物的行为调查是可能的。例如，Carey和Robison（1981）的研究利用声学标记技术在海上跟踪高度运动的个体剑鱼许多天，Klimley和Brown（1983）反复定位和拍摄了在特定海域附近游动的个体双髻鲨
Of all the Leucothea seen during daylight dives in the Catalina Channel, 45% were between the depths of 18 and 22 m, usually feeding at the thermocline on a layer of copepods, primarily Clausocalanus. Undisturbed individuals were observed and video recorded for periods up to 40 min. The ctenophores actively selected specific depths for foraging and spent about 60% of their time foraging horizontally in the water column, 20% of their time swimming rapidly either directly upward or downward, and 20% of their time immobile and neutrally buoyant. The extent and importance of long-distance horizontal foraging activity of zooplankton and the relationship of individual behavior of zooplankton to patch dynamics has been underestimated. The discipline of ethology is concerned with the natural behavior of individual animals in their own environments (Eisner and Wilson 1975). Although an ethological approach to understanding the behavior of wild animals is now routine for most of the environments on the surface of the earth, the use of ethological techniques in the open sea is rare. At sea, as distinct from all other habitats, it is generally impossible to return day after day, and many times not even hour after hour, and encounter the same individual animal or even the same species that was present previously. Students of the natural behavior of oceanic animals therefore have been concerned instead almost exclusively with the statistical behavior of populations of animals in space and time. As a consequence, investigations of statistically defined phenomena such as vertical diurnal migrations of plankton populations or horizontal migrations of populations of fish dominate the oceanic behavioral literature. Yet in selected instances behavioral investigations of individual oceanic animals have been possible. For example, the research by Carey and Robison (198 1) utilized acoustic tagging techniques to follow highly motile individual swordfish for many days at sea, and Klimley and Brown (1983) repeatedly located and photographed schooling individual hammerhead sharks near a specific