Metagenomics: Key to Human Gut Microbiota
Metagenomics: Key to Human Gut Microbiota
复制标题
DOI：
10.1159/000332966
复制
发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Brigidi, Patrizia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maccaferri, Simone;Biagi, Elena;Brigidi, Patrizia
人体胃肠道内存在着最复杂的人体微生物生态系统（肠道菌群）。据估计，这些微生物种群的综合基因组（肠道微生物组）比人类基因组本身具有更大的遗传潜力。已经提出了肠道微生物群的组成和活性的变化与常见疾病（例如炎症性肠病、肥胖症、糖尿病和特应性疾病）之间的相关性，增加了科学界对该研究领域的兴趣。从这个角度来看，在系统发育组成以及遗传和代谢潜力方面对人类肠道微生物群进行全面而详细的观察，对于了解肠道微生物群与病理之间因果关系的动态和可能机制至关重要。宏基因组学已经成为研究这个复杂生态系统的组成和遗传潜力的最强大的序列驱动方法之一，并且下一代测序平台的实施已经使这一方向的努力变得更加顺利。在这里，我们强调了最新的高通量，不依赖培养的方法在健康和疾病中表征人类肠道微生物组的潜力。本文介绍了该领域的最新研究成果，并展望了人类肠道微生物生态学的研究前景和未来的研究方向。版权所有（C）2011 S. Karger AG，巴塞尔
The human gastrointestinal tract harbors the most complex human microbial ecosystem (intestinal microbiota). The comprehensive genome of these microbial populations (intestinal microbiome) is estimated to have a far greater genetic potential than the human genome itself. Correlations between changes in composition and activity of the gut microbiota and common disorders, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity, diabetes, and atopic diseases, have been proposed, increasing the interest of the scientific community in this research field. In this perspective, a comprehensive and detailed view of the human gut microbiota, in terms of phylogenetic composition as well as genetic and metabolic potential, is essential to understand the dynamics and possible mechanisms of the cause/effect relationships between gut microbiota and pathology. Metagenomics has emerged as one of the most powerful sequence-driven approaches to study the composition and the genetic potential of this complex ecosystem, and efforts in this direction have been smoothed by the implementation of next generation sequencing platforms. Here, we highlight the potential of the newest high-throughput, culture-independent approaches for the characterization of the human gut microbiome in health and disease. Recent and promising results in this field are presented, underlining the perspectives and future research direction of human gut microbial ecology. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel