ECOLOGICAL SOURCES OF SELECTION ON AVIAN SOUNDS
ECOLOGICAL SOURCES OF SELECTION ON AVIAN SOUNDS
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DOI：
10.1086/282971
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发表时间：
1975-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
MORTON, ES
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MORTON, ES
本研究描述了栖息地声学对鸟类声音物理结构的选择。在巴拿马的森林、边缘和草地生境中进行声音传播试验，量化纯音和随机噪声带的声音传播水平。分析了每个栖息地鸟类的声音，以确定强调的频率、频率范围和声音类型（无论是纯音还是高调制）。森林栖息地与草地和边缘的不同之处在于，较窄的频率范围（1585 - 2500赫兹）的声音衰减低于较低或较高的频率。衰减在2500hz以上迅速增加。来自较低森林水平的物种的鸟叫声被发现主要是纯音，频率强调平均为2200赫兹，符合基于声音传播测试的预测。边缘生境的特点是具有一般相似衰减率的宽频率范围。纯音和随机噪声带的声音在衰减率上没有差异。边缘鸟的声音在频率强调分量上有很大的差异，并且比森林或草原物种更大程度上由调制和纯音元素组成。有人认为，这种差异反映了栖息地声学相对缺乏选择压力。草地繁殖试验表明，频率的增加与衰减的增加呈正相关。据推测，信息传递可能基于信号的时间方面，因为这些在温度和风速分层的开放环境中失真较小。
This study describes selection derived from habitat acoustics on the physical structure of avian sounds. Sound propagation tests were made in forest, edge, and grassland habitats in Panama to quantify pure tone and random noise band sound transmission levels. The sounds of bird species in each habitat were analyzed to determine the emphasized frequency, frequency range, and sound type (whether pure tonelike or highly modulated). Forest habitats differ from grass and edge in that a narrow range of frequencies (1,585-2,500 Hz) has lower sound attenuation than lower or higher frequencies. Attenuation increases rapidly above 2,500 Hz. Bird sounds from species occurring at the lower forest levels were found to be predominantly pure tonelike with a frequency emphasized averaging 2,200 Hz, conforming to the predictions based on sound propagation tests. The edge habitat is characterized by a wide range of frequencies having a generally similar attenuation rate. Pure tone and random noise band sounds did not differ in attenuation rates. The sounds of edge birds have high variance in the frequency-emphasized component, and more are composed of both modulated and pure tone elements to a greater extent than forest or grassland species. It is suggested that this variance is a reflection of a relative lack of selection pressure from habitat acoustics. Grassland propagation tests showed a positive correlation between increasing frequency and increasing attenuation. It is hypothesized that information transfer may be based on temporal aspects of the signal since these are less distorted in temperature- and wind-speed-stratified open environments.