Documentation of Microplastics in Tissues of Wild Coastal Animals
Documentation of Microplastics in Tissues of Wild Coastal Animals
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DOI：
10.3389/fenvs.2021.575058
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发表时间：
2021-03-15
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Olsen, Anne Berit
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Haave, Marte;Gomiero, Alessio;Olsen, Anne Berit
微塑料污染在全球生物群中无处不在，人们越来越担心人类通过食物接触到微塑料(MP)。有必要调查与人类消费相关的野生动物中的MP及其对暴露在鸟类和哺乳动物中的影响。我们调查了挪威卑尔根附近塑料污染地区的鱼类、海鸟、陆生和海洋哺乳动物的器官和组织中MP的浓度。标准化尸检包括病情评估、细菌学和组织病理学分析。用裂解气相色谱-质谱仪(Py-GCMS)分析组织中的MP(>；10µm)，并用偏光显微镜观察。我们分析了三只比目鱼、三条鳕鱼、三只海鸟、三只水獭和一只海豹的胃和肠壁、肝脏和肌肉/鱼片的样本，以及海鸟、水獭和海豹的肾脏和鱼类的鳃。在胃肠道中没有发现大型塑料物品。在13只动物中，有8只在一个或几个组织中有MP。MP分布于肠道(5例)、胃(4例)、肝脏(3例)、肌肉(3例)。在海豹中未发现MP，仅在一只水獭的胃壁中发现MP。在海鸟中，MP存在于肠道、胃和肝脏，但不存在于肌肉中。在鳕鱼肝脏中的最高浓度为3.4mgg/g湿重。在所研究的九种聚合物中，有三种超过了定量限度：Polyvinylchloride>；polystyrene>；polyethylene对苯二甲酸酯。在鳕鱼肌肉的四个重复之一和鳕鱼肝脏的两个重复中的一个中，MP被定量。光镜下未见MP。结果显示低于或接近当前LOQ的水平。重复表明MP在组织中的分布不均匀，并导致鳕鱼MP的高患病率。未发现与MP有关的不良反应。样本量很小，无法得出关于影响或风险的结论。这些动物是被副捕的，被捕获时大多状况良好。程序空白和空气控制显示MP非常低，并支持MP来自环境来源。需要进一步的研究来确定可食用组织中的微塑料水平以及目前通过食物网接触的野生动物。
Microplastic pollution is omnipresent in biota around the globe, and concerns are rising that humans are exposed to microplastics (MP) through food. Investigations of MP in wild animals relevant for human consumption and the effects in exposed birds and mammals is warranted. We investigated the concentrations of MP in organs and tissues of fish, seabirds, terrestrial and marine mammals from a plastic polluted area near Bergen, Norway. A standardized autopsy included evaluation of condition, bacteriological and histopathological analyzes. Tissues were analyzed for MP (>10 mu m) by pyrolysis Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (py-GCMS) and inspected by polarized light microscopy. We analyzed samples of stomach and intestinal wall, liver and muscle/fillet from three flounders, three cod, three seabirds, three otters and one seal, kidneys from seabirds, otters and the seal, and gills from the fishes. No large plastic items were observed in the gastrointestinal tracts. Eight of 13 animals had MP in one or several tissues. MP was found in intestine (5), stomach (4), liver (3), muscle (3). No MP was found in the seal, and only in the stomach wall of one otter. In seabirds, MP was found in the intestine, stomach and liver, but not muscle. The highest concentration was 3.4 mu g/g wet weight in cod liver. Three of the nine investigated polymers were found above the Limit of Quantification (LOQ): Polyvinylchloride>polystyrene>polyethylene terephthalate. MP was quantified in one of four replicates of cod muscle and one of two replicates of cod liver. No MP was observed by microscopy. The results show levels under or close to the current LOQ. Replicates indicate uneven MP distribution in tissues and resulted in higher prevalence of MP for cod. No adverse effects could be related to MP. The sample size was small, and conclusions cannot be drawn regarding effects or risks. The animals were by-catch, and mostly in good condition when caught. Procedural blanks and air-controls showed very low MP, and support that the MP come from environmental sources. Further studies are needed to determine levels of microplastic in edible tissues and the current wildlife exposure through the food web.