The relational politics of shame: Evidence from the universal periodic review
The relational politics of shame: Evidence from the universal periodic review
复制标题
羞耻的关系政治：来自普遍定期审查的证据
DOI：
10.1007/s11558-016-9264-x
复制
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Voeten
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rochelle Terman;E. Voeten
国际人权机构往往依靠“点名羞辱”来促进遵守全球规范。批评者指责这些机构过于政治化;各国基于战略利益有选择地谴责侵犯人权行为，同时保护朋友和盟友。在这种观点看来，政治化破坏了羞辱的可信度，从而破坏了它的有效性。本文件对这些机构及其促进人权的机制作了另一种说明。我们认为，州际羞辱是一种内在的政治活动，通过战略关系运作，而不是尽管他们。虽然国家不太可能批评他们的朋友和盟友，但正是因为这种预先存在的伙伴关系，他们提出的任何批评都更具影响力。我们通过对国际体系中最完善的人权机制-联合国普遍定期审议-的定量分析来检验这一论点。我们发现，各国在同行审议过程中对其战略伙伴更为宽容。然而，当他们提出批评时，他们的建议比其他战略关系较少的国家提出的基本相同的建议更容易被接受。尽管羞辱传播了关于国家间政治关系的强有力信号，但这些互动可能是有意义和有影响力的，即使它们仍然是有选择性和政治化的。
International human rights institutions often rely on “naming and shaming” to promote compliance with global norms. Critics charge that such institutions are too politicized; states condemn human rights violations selectively, based on their strategic interests, while protecting friends and allies. In this view, politicization undermines shaming’s credibility and thus its effectiveness. This paper offers an alternative account of such institutions and the mechanism by which they promote human rights. We argue that interstate shaming is an inherently political exercise that operates through strategic relationships, not in spite of them. While states are less likely to criticize their friends and allies, any criticism they do offer is more influential precisely because of this pre-existing partnership. We test this argument through quantitative analysis of the most elaborate human rights mechanism in the international system: the United Nations Universal Periodic Review. We find that states are more lenient towards their strategic partners in the peer-review process. Yet when they do criticize, their recommendations are accepted more often than substantially identical recommendations emanating from other states with fewer strategic ties. Insofar as shaming disseminates powerful signals regarding political relationships between states, these interactions can be meaningful and influential, even as they remain selective and politicized.