Mobile measurement of methane and hydrogen sulfide at natural gas production site fence lines in the Texas Barnett Shale
Mobile measurement of methane and hydrogen sulfide at natural gas production site fence lines in the Texas Barnett Shale
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DOI：
10.1080/10962247.2014.907098
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Sattler, Melanie L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eapi, Gautam R.;Sabnis, Madhu S.;Sattler, Melanie L.
从页岩层开采天然气将钻井和生产作业带到了美国的一些地区，这些地区过去很少或根本没有类似的活动，这引起了人们对潜在环境影响的相当大兴趣。这项研究的重点是德克萨斯州的巴尼特页岩沃斯堡盆地，该盆地的天然气生产井数量从2001年的726口增加到2011年的15,870口。这项研究旨在测量巴尼特页岩四个核心县(登顿、约翰逊、塔兰特和怀斯)天然气生产地点(油井、储液罐和相关设备)的围栏线甲烷和硫化氢浓度。在401个租赁点附近的4788口井附近进行了流动计量调查，占四县核心区天然气产量的35%，井的31%，凝析油产量的38%。使用Picarro G2204空腔衰减谱仪(CRDS)测量了甲烷和硫化氢的浓度。由于研究小组无法进入租赁地点的内部，因此通过在租赁地点外部的道路上驾驶进行测量。从2012年3月至7月，收集了超过150小时的数据。在两组驾车经过的测量中，发现66个地点(16.5%)的甲烷浓度恰好超过了围栏线。32个租赁点(8.0%)的硫化氢浓度&4.7 ppb(气味识别阈值)刚刚超过围栏线。测得的浓度通常与场地特征(天然气产量、井数或凝析油产量)没有很好的相关性。T检验表明，有两个县的干地甲烷浓度高于湿地。建议进行后续研究，以便在发现甲烷和硫化氢含量较高的地点提供更多信息。影响：鉴于美国不同地区最近油井数量的增加，有关页岩气生产的空气排放的信息很重要。天然气的主要成分甲烷是一种温室气体；可能存在于天然气凝析液中的硫化氢是一种气味化合物。这项研究调查了德克萨斯州Barnett页岩天然气产量的三分之一的油井，并确定了由于其围栏甲烷和硫化氢浓度而需要进一步研究的地点的百分比。
Production of natural gas from shale formations is bringing drilling and production operations to regions of the United States that have seen little or no similar activity in the past, which has generated considerable interest in potential environmental impacts. This study focused on the Barnett Shale Fort Worth Basin in Texas, which saw the number of gas-producing wells grow from 726 in 2001 to 15,870 in 2011. This study aimed to measure fence line concentrations of methane and hydrogen sulfide at natural gas production sites (wells, liquid storage tanks, and associated equipment) in the four core counties of the Barnett Shale (Denton, Johnson, Tarrant, and Wise). A mobile measurement survey was conducted in the vicinity of 4788 wells near 401 lease sites, representing 35% of gas production volume, 31% of wells, and 38% of condensate production volume in the four-county core area. Methane and hydrogen sulfide concentrations were measured using a Picarro G2204 cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS). Since the research team did not have access to lease site interiors, measurements were made by driving on roads on the exterior of the lease sites. Over 150 hr of data were collected from March to July 2012. During two sets of drive-by measurements, it was found that 66 sites (16.5%) had methane concentrations >3 parts per million (ppm) just beyond the fence line. Thirty-two lease sites (8.0%) had hydrogen sulfide concentrations >4.7 parts per billion (ppb) (odor recognition threshold) just beyond the fence line. Measured concentrations generally did not correlate well with site characteristics (natural gas production volume, number of wells, or condensate production). t tests showed that for two counties, methane concentrations for dry sites were higher than those for wet sites. Follow-up study is recommended to provide more information at sites identified with high levels of methane and hydrogen sulfide.Implications: Information regarding air emissions from shale gas production is important given the recent increase in number of wells in various regions in the United States. Methane, the primary natural gas constituent, is a greenhouse gas; hydrogen sulfide, which can be present in gas condensate, is an odor-causing compound. This study surveyed wells representing one-third of the natural gas production volume in the Texas Barnett Shale and identified the percent of sites that warrant further study due to their fence line methane and hydrogen sulfide concentrations.