The Life‐Styles of Tropical Milkweed Bugs, Oncopeltus (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) Utilizing the Same Hosts
The Life‐Styles of Tropical Milkweed Bugs, Oncopeltus (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) Utilizing the Same Hosts
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利用相同宿主的热带乳草虫 Oncopeltus（半翅目：Lygaeidae）的生活方式
DOI：
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发表时间：
1976
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Chaplin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. B. Root;S. Chaplin
Oncopeltus cingulifer和Oncopeltus unifasciatellus发生在哥伦比亚考卡山谷的同一种乳草上。成虫对主要寄主马利筋的利用方式相同，不同之处在于0.单带虫以种子为食。0的numb。单束孢菌需要马利筋种子才能发育，而0.单食马利筋的营养组织时，cingulifer成熟缓慢。寄生、捕食和同类相食是造成这两个物种大量产卵的原因。未孵化的卵由他们的新孵化的兄弟姐妹同类相食有一个复杂的适应性基础，涉及利用的个人，否则注定和寄生在一个离合器的scelionid黄蜂的鸡蛋的比例。Cauca山谷的连续生长季节，加上不同乳草群落中灾难性挫折的异步发生，导致种子丰富度的分布发生变化。Oncopeltus表现出的适应性综合征似乎是围绕着它们的依赖性组织起来的。在这个不完整的资源上因此，0。单瓣花需要种子繁殖，不太久坐，比0.扣带虫在整个地区种子生产同步的季节性环境中，两个这样的物种似乎不太可能共存。
Oncopeltus cingulifer and Oncopeltus unifasciatellus occur on the same milk- weed species in the Cauca Valley of Colombia. Adults utilize the major host, Asclepias curas- savica in the same way except that 0. unifasciatellus feeds somewhat more on seeds. Nymphs of 0. unifasciatellus require milkweed seeds to develop whereas 0. cingulifer can mature slowly while feeding only on vegetative tissues of milkweeds. Parasitism, predation, and cannibalism are responsible for heavy losses of eggs in both species. Cannibalism of unhatched eggs by their newly-hatched siblings has a complex adaptive basis involving the utilization of individuals that are otherwise doomed and the proportion of eggs parasitized in a clutch by scelionid wasps. The continuous growing season in the Cauca Valley, coupled with the asynchronous occur- rence of catastrophic setbacks in different milkweed stands, results in a shifting distribution of seed abundance. The adaptive syndromes exhibited by Oncopeltus appear to be organized around their dependence. on this patchy resource. Thus 0. unifasciatellus, which requires seed for reproduction, is less sedentary and more phenotypically variable than 0. cingulifer. It seems unlikely that two such species could coexist in a seasonal environment where seed production is synchronized over an entire region.