Responding to Threats Both Foreign and Domestic: NOD-Like Receptors in Corals
Responding to Threats Both Foreign and Domestic: NOD-Like Receptors in Corals
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DOI：
10.1093/icb/icz111
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发表时间：
2019-10-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Mydlarz, Laura D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dimos, Bradford A.;Butler, Caleb C.;Mydlarz, Laura D.
从历史上看，造礁珊瑚等基础动物用来应对不断变化和日益紧张的环境的机制仍然难以捉摸。然而，来自这些生物的基因组和转录组数据的日益可获得性为这些至关重要的生态系统工程师的生物学提供了基本的见解。值得注意的是，在后基因组学时代对线虫的洞察揭示了一个令人惊讶的复杂的免疫系统，它与脊椎动物的先天免疫系统有着惊人的相似程度。这一系统与珊瑚如何应对全球范围内两个最突出的威胁密切相关，这两个威胁分别被认为是外国威胁或国内威胁。这些威胁可能来自致病微生物或内部细胞功能障碍，这突显了进一步了解珊瑚用来感知和应对对其细胞完整性的威胁的机制的必要性。在这项调查和荟萃分析中，我们利用最近才在后基因组时代可用的资源来鉴定和表征濒危加勒比海珊瑚Orbecella foleolata中一类未被探索的分子，即点状受体的成员。然后，我们利用这些数据来确定在普通珊瑚和生态上重要的分枝珊瑚Acropora diditifera中可能由NLRs介导的途径。总体而言，我们发现，这类蛋白质可能为造礁珊瑚如何应对国内外的威胁提供了一种机械联系。
Historically mechanisms with which basal animals such as reef-building corals use to respond to changing and increasingly stressful environments have remained elusive. However, the increasing availability of genomic and transcriptomic data from these organisms has provided fundamental insights into the biology of these critically important ecosystem engineers. Notably, insights into cnidarians gained in the post-genomics age have revealed a surprisingly complex immune system which bears a surprising level of similarity with the vertebrate innate immune system. This system has been critically linked to how corals respond to the two most prominent threats on a global scale, emerging coral diseases and increasing water temperature, which are recognized cellularly as either foreign or domestic threats, respectively. These threats can arise from pathogenic microbes or internal cellular dysfunction, underscoring the need to further understand mechanisms corals use to sense and respond to threats to their cellular integrity. In this investigation and meta-analysis, we utilize resources only recently available in the post-genomic era to identify and characterize members of an underexplored class of molecules known as NOD-like receptors in the endangered Caribbean coral Orbicella faveolata. We then leverage these data to identify pathways possibly mediated by NLRs in both O. faveolata and the ecologically important branching coral Acropora digitifera. Overall, we find support that this class of proteins may provide a mechanistic link to how reef-building corals respond to threats both foreign and domestic.