Farm-scale ecological and economic impacts of agricultural change in the uplands
Farm-scale ecological and economic impacts of agricultural change in the uplands
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DOI：
10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.10.001
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发表时间：
2012-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Armsworth, Paul R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hanley, Nick;Acs, Szvetlana;Armsworth, Paul R.
近几十年来，欧洲生物多样性大量丧失，部分原因是与农业生产集约化相关的生态变化。这些变化特别影响了边缘地区（如英国高地）的鸟类多样性。高地鸟类的未来趋势可能会受到农业支持制度变化的影响，例如目前正在进行的共同农业政策改革所设想的变化。基于鸟类物种丰富度和个体密度，采用7种不同的生物多样性指标建立了综合生态经济模型。这些模型代表了英国高地典型的六种不同类型的农场，并被用来评估不同农业未来的结果。我们的研究结果表明，这些未来农业情景对农业收入、土地利用和生物多样性的影响在不同的政策情景和农场类型中是非常不同的。此外，每种政策情景都会导致农业收入变化和其他生物多样性指标的损益分配不平等。这表明，概括政策和价格变化对农业收入、土地利用和生物多样性的影响可能会产生误导。我们的研究结果还表明，关注伞形物种或生物多样性指标（如物种总丰富度）可能会忽略重要的组成效应。(C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Recent decades have witnessed substantial losses of biodiversity in Europe, partly driven by the ecological changes associated with intensification of agricultural production. These changes have particularly affected avian (bird) diversity in marginal areas such as the uplands of the UK. Future trends for upland birds will likely be impacted by changes in agricultural support regimes, such as those currently envisaged in on-going reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy. We developed integrated ecological-economic models, using seven different indicators of biodiversity based on avian species richness and individual bird densities. The models represent six different types of farms which are typical for the UK uplands, and were used to assess the outcomes of different agricultural futures. Our results show that the impacts of these future agricultural scenarios on farm incomes, land use and biodiversity are very diverse across policy scenarios and farm types. Moreover, each policy scenario produces un-equal distributions of farm income changes and gains and losses in alternative biodiversity indicators. This shows that generalisations of the effects of policy and pricing changes on farm incomes, land uses and biodiversity can be misleading. Our results also suggest that a focus on umbrella species or biodiversity indicators (such as total species richness) can miss important compositional effects. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.