Engineering hypervirulence in a mycoherbicidal fungus for efficient weed control
Engineering hypervirulence in a mycoherbicidal fungus for efficient weed control
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DOI：
10.1038/nbt743
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发表时间：
2002-10-01
影响因子：
46.9
通讯作者：
Gressel, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amsellem, Z;Cohen, BA;Gressel, J
在中耕作物农业中，用于主要杂草生物防治的药剂尚未达到预期效果，因为微生物和杂草之间已经形成了一种进化平衡，即使在真菌除草剂以非常高的水平（> 10（4）孢子/cm（2））大量使用时也是如此。通过将基因转移到微生物中，可以实现足够的毒力，从而打破进化平衡。毒力增加了9倍，更迅速的影响，此外，需要在高湿度下长时间的NEP 1编码的植物毒性蛋白，一个Abutilon theophrasti特定的，弱mycoheterogeneous菌株炭疽菌coccodes的引入减少。亲本菌株在最好的情况下对这种顽固杂草的幼子叶具有感染性。转基因菌株是致命的三叶期，一个足够的时间窗口，以控制这种异步发芽杂草。将毒力基因与故障安全机制相结合，以防止传播（由于扩大的宿主范围）和减轻转基因渗入作物病原体的策略可能在中耕作物中主要杂草的生物防治中非常有用。
Agents proposed for biocontrol of major weeds in arable row-crop agriculture have not met expectations because an evolutionary balance has developed between microorganism and weed, even when the mycoherbicide is used inundatively at very high levels (> 10(4) spores/cm(2)). Sufficient virulence can be achieved by transferring genes to the microorganism, tipping the evolutionary balance. Virulence was increased ninefold and was more rapidly effected; furthermore, the requirement for a long duration at high humidity was decreased by introducing NEP1 encoding a phytotoxic protein, to an Abutilon theophrasti-specific, weakly mycoherbicidal strain of Colletotrichum coccodes. The parent strain was at best infective on juvenile cotyledons of this intransigent weed. The transgenic strain was lethal through the three-leaf stage, a sufficient time window to control this asynchronously germinating weed. Strategies of coupling virulence genes with fail-safe mechanisms to prevent spread (due to broadened host range) and to mitigate transgene introgression into crop pathogens could be very useful in the biocontrol of major weeds in row crops.