Lunch-time food choices in preschoolers: Relationships between absolute and relative intakes of different food categories, and appetitive characteristics and weight.
Lunch-time food choices in preschoolers: Relationships between absolute and relative intakes of different food categories, and appetitive characteristics and weight.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.03.028
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Cheng R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carnell S;Pryor K;Mais LA;Warkentin S;Benson L;Cheng R
通过父母报告问卷测量的儿童食欲特征与体重以及食欲行为测试可靠相关，但对与食物选择的关系知之甚少。作为一个更大的预负荷研究的一部分，我们从小学班级提供4- 5岁的奥尔兹五个学校午餐，在他们提出了相同的标准化多项目餐。父母完成儿童饮食行为问卷（CEBQ）的饱腹感反应（CEBQ-SR），食物反应（CEBQ-FR）和食物的享受（CEBQ-EF）分量表，并对儿童进行称重和测量。尽管前负荷条件不同，但儿童在所有五餐中的摄入模式表现出显着的一致性，每种食物类别的绝对和百分比摄入量的日常班级内相关性从0.78到0.91不等。较高的CEBQ-SR与所有五餐中所有食物类别的平均摄入量较低相关，其中休闲食品的相关性最弱。较高的CEBQ-FR与较高的白色面包和水果蔬菜摄入量相关，较高的CEBQ-EF与所有类别的摄入量相关，其中白色面包的相关性最强。对每种食物组的摄入量占总摄入量的百分比进行分析，在这里作为儿童在组成他们的总午餐时选择相对较多或相对较少的每种不同食物类别的指数，进一步表明CEBQ-SR较高的儿童吃相对较多的零食和相对较少的水果和蔬菜，而CEBQ-EF高的儿童吃零食相对较少，吃白色面包相对较多。白色面包和零食的绝对摄入量越高，BMI z评分越高。通过控制日常代谢需求，CEBQ子量表与食物摄入变量的关联基本不变。然而，午餐摄入量与基于代谢需要的预期量的描述性比较表明，超重/肥胖男孩暴饮暴食的风险特别高。父母在CEBQ上对儿童食欲特征的报告与食物选择的差异模式相关，这些模式由在自然主义的学校环境中多次评估的各种食物类别的绝对和相对摄入量索引，没有父母在场。
Children’s appetitive characteristics measured by parent-report questionnaires are reliably associated with body weight, as well as behavioral tests of appetite, but relatively little is known about relationships with food choice. As part of a larger preloading study, we served 4-5y olds from primary school classes five school lunches at which they were presented with the same standardized multi-item meal. Parents completed Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) sub-scales assessing satiety responsiveness (CEBQ-SR), food responsiveness (CEBQ-FR) and enjoyment of food (CEBQ-EF), and children were weighed and measured. Despite differing preload conditions, children showed remarkable consistency of intake patterns across all five meals with day-to-day intra-class correlations in absolute and percentage intake of each food category ranging from .78 to .91. Higher CEBQ-SR was associated with lower mean intake of all food categories across all five meals, with the weakest association apparent for snack foods. Higher CEBQ-FR was associated with higher intake of white bread and fruits and vegetables, and higher CEBQ-EF was associated with greater intake of all categories, with the strongest association apparent for white bread. Analyses of intake of each food group as a percentage of total intake, treated here as an index of the child’s choice to consume relatively more or relatively less of each different food category when composing their total lunch-time meal, further suggested that children who were higher in CEBQ-SR ate relatively more snack foods and relatively less fruits and vegetables, while children with higher CEBQ-EF ate relatively less snack foods and relatively more white bread. Higher absolute intakes of white bread and snack foods were associated with higher BMI z score. CEBQ sub-scale associations with food intake variables were largely unchanged by controlling for daily metabolic needs. However, descriptive comparisons of lunch intakes with expected amounts based on metabolic needs suggested that overweight/obese boys were at particularly high risk of overeating. Parents’ reports of children’s appetitive characteristics on the CEBQ are associated with differential patterns of food choice as indexed by absolute and relative intake of various food categories assessed on multiple occasions in a naturalistic, school-based setting, without parents present.