Advances in genome-wide DNA methylation analysis.
Advances in genome-wide DNA methylation analysis.
复制标题
全基因组DNA甲基化分析的进展。
DOI：
10.2144/000113493
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发表时间：
2010-10
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Wajapeyee N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gupta R;Nagarajan A;Wajapeyee N
5位胞嘧啶（5-甲基胞嘧啶; 5 mC）的共价DNA修饰已成为哺乳动物细胞中CpG二核苷酸背景下最常见的重要表观遗传标记。在多能干细胞和植物中，它也分别在非CpG和CpNpG环境中发现。5 mC在多种生物过程中具有重要意义，包括转录调控。DNA甲基化异常已被证明与多种人类疾病有关，因此是积极研究的焦点。用于检测DNA甲基化的方法已经彻底改变了我们对这种表观遗传标记的理解，并为其在各种生物功能中的作用提供了新的见解。在这里，我们描述了全基因组DNA甲基化分析的最新技术进展，并讨论了它们的相对效用和缺点，提供了使用这些技术进行全基因组DNA甲基化分析以解决重要生物学问题的研究的具体例子。最后，我们讨论了一个新发现的共价DNA修饰，5-羟甲基胞嘧啶（5 hmC），并推测其可能的生物学功能，以及描述了一种新的方法，可以区分5 hmC从5 mC。
The covalent DNA modification of cytosine at position 5 (5-methylcytosine; 5mC) has emerged as an important epigenetic mark most commonly present in the context of CpG dinucleotides in mammalian cells. In pluripotent stem cells and plants, it is also found in non-CpG and CpNpG contexts, respectively. 5mC has important implications in a diverse set of biological processes, including transcriptional regulation. Aberrant DNA methylation has been shown to be associated with a wide variety of human ailments and thus is the focus of active investigation. Methods used for detecting DNA methylation have revolutionized our understanding of this epigenetic mark and provided new insights into its role in diverse biological functions. Here we describe recent technological advances in genome-wide DNA methylation analysis and discuss their relative utility and drawbacks, providing specific examples from studies that have used these technologies for genome-wide DNA methylation analysis to address important biological questions. Finally, we discuss a newly identified covalent DNA modification, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), and speculate on its possible biological function, as well as describe a new methodology that can distinguish 5hmC from 5mC.