Embracing Complexity: Yeast Evolution Experiments Featuring Standing Genetic Variation.
Embracing Complexity: Yeast Evolution Experiments Featuring Standing Genetic Variation.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00239-023-10094-4
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发表时间：
2023-06
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
酿酒酵母作为实验室选择实验的模式系统，有着悠久的历史。大多数酵母进化实验从一个同基因的祖先开始，随着细胞的无性分裂而强加选择，并跟踪随着时间的推移而产生和积累的突变。在过去的十年里，酿酒酵母作为探索标准遗传变异进化的模式系统的受欢迎程度有了相当大的增长。作为一种兼性有性的微生物，有可能对具有多样性的种群进行实验，并随着实验的进展通过促进有性重组来保持这种多样性。这些实验选择扩大了可以用酵母测试的进化假说的范围。在这篇综述中，我认为酵母菌是检验与真核物种相关的这种假说的最佳模型系统之一。在这里，我编制了一份酵母进化实验清单，这些实验涉及最初和/或通过实施诱导进化种群中的有性重组的方案来保持遗传变异。我还概述了建立这种实验所需的实验方法，并讨论了在这种类型的研究中出现的独特挑战。在整篇文章中，我强调从这一小但不断增长的文献小众中涌现出的最佳实践。
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a long and esteemed history as a model system for laboratory selection experiments. The majority of yeast evolution experiments begin with an isogenic ancestor, impose selection as cells divide asexually, and track mutations that arise and accumulate over time. Within the last decade, the popularity of S. cerevisiae as a model system for exploring the evolution of standing genetic variation has grown considerably. As a facultatively sexual microbe, it is possible to initiate experiments with populations that harbor diversity and also to maintain that diversity by promoting sexual recombination as the experiment progresses. These experimental choices expand the scope of evolutionary hypotheses that can be tested with yeast. And, in this review, I argue that yeast is one of the best model systems for testing such hypotheses relevant to eukaryotic species. Here, I compile a list of yeast evolution experiments that involve standing genetic variation, initially and/or by implementing protocols that induce sexual recombination in evolving populations. I also provide an overview of experimental methods required to set up such an experiment and discuss the unique challenges that arise in this type of research. Throughout the article, I emphasize the best practices emerging from this small but growing niche of the literature.
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