Development of functional synergies for speech motor coordination in childhood and adolescence
Development of functional synergies for speech motor coordination in childhood and adolescence
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DOI：
10.1002/dev.20009
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发表时间：
2004-07-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Zelaznik, HN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith, A;Zelaznik, HN
成人通过控制发音器官在时间和空间上的相对运动来产生快速、交错的语音序列。这些效应器的控制和协调似乎是自动的、毫不费力的，而且通常不会出错。如果在经典运动控制理论的框架内看待言语产生，我们可以推断成年人已经组织了作为稳定亚单位的功能协同作用（肌肉集体激活的一致模式）。在这项研究中，研究了这些稳定的功能协同作用的发展。记录了 180 名儿童和成人（4-22 岁）在句子说出时的上唇、下唇和下颌的运动。计算了口腔运动协调的两个指数，这反映了效应器之间关系的试验间一致性程度，从而反映了潜在功能协同作用的稳定性。主要发现是：(a) 言语运动协调的发展时间过程延长，(b) 女性和男性直到 14 岁之后，言语运动控制过程才像成人一样，(c) 男孩（直到 5 岁）的言语运动发展成熟过程较慢，(d) 童年晚期（7 至 12 岁）的特点是这些言语产生的协调协同作用的发展处于平台期。我们认为多种因素可能导致言语口腔运动协调的长期发展，包括运动系统本身组成部分的成熟和大脑语言处理子系统的成熟。 (C) 2004 年 Wiley 期刊公司。
Adults produce rapid, interleaved sequences of speech sounds by controlling the relative motions in time and space of the oral articulators. The control and coordination of these effectors appear to be automatic, effortless, and usually error free. If speech production is viewed within the framework of classical motor control theories, we can infer that adults have organized functional synergies (consistent patterns of activation of muscle collectives) that act as stable subunits. In this study, the development of these stable functional synergies is examined. Motion of the upper lip, lower lip, and jaw was recorded during sentence production in 180 children and adults (aged 4-22 years). Two indices of oral motor coordination were computed, which reflect the degree of trial-to-trial consistency in intereffector relationships and thus the stability of the underlying functional synergies. Major findings are: (a) The time course of development for speech motor coordination is protracted, (b)speech motor control processes are not adultlike until after age 14 years for both females and males, (c) boys (until age 5 years) show a slower maturational course of speech motor development, and (d) late childhood (the 7- to 12-year period) is characterized by a plateau in the development of these coordinative synergies for speech production. We posit that multiple factors are likely to contribute to the protracted development of oral motor coordination for speech, including maturation of components of the motor system itself and maturation of the brain subsystems for language processing. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.