Biosynthesis and toxicological effects of patulin.
Biosynthesis and toxicological effects of patulin.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3390/toxins2040613
复制
发表时间：
2010-04
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Oswald IP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Puel O;Galtier P;Oswald IP
棒曲霉素是由几种霉菌产生的有毒化学污染物，特别是在曲霉属、青霉属和丝兰属中。它是在苹果和苹果衍生产品中发现的最常见的霉菌毒素，如果汁，苹果酒，蜜饯和其他幼儿食品。暴露于这种霉菌毒素与免疫学、神经学和胃肠道结果相关。对人类食用棒曲霉素的健康风险进行评估后，许多国家对食品中的棒曲霉素含量进行了管制。与其他受管制的真菌毒素（黄曲霉毒素、烟曲霉毒素和伏马菌素）不同，尽管现在已经知道了展青霉素前体的化学结构，但对展青霉素生物合成的分子遗传学的全面了解还不完整。生物合成途径由大约10个步骤组成，如生物化学研究所示。最近，一个由15个参与棒曲霉素生物合成的基因组成的基因簇被报道，包括特征酶、调节因子和转运蛋白基因。本文综述了目前对棒曲霉毒素的毒性机制的认识，并总结了其毒理学效应。
Patulin is a toxic chemical contaminant produced by several species of mold, especially within Aspergillus, Penicillium and Byssochlamys. It is the most common mycotoxin found in apples and apple-derived products such as juice, cider, compotes and other food intended for young children. Exposure to this mycotoxin is associated with immunological, neurological and gastrointestinal outcomes. Assessment of the health risks due to patulin consumption by humans has led many countries to regulate the quantity in food. A full understanding of the molecular genetics of patulin biosynthesis is incomplete, unlike other regulated mycotoxins (aflatoxins, trichothecenes and fumonisins), although the chemical structures of patulin precursors are now known. The biosynthetic pathway consists of approximately 10 steps, as suggested by biochemical studies. Recently, a cluster of 15 genes involved in patulin biosynthesis was reported, containing characterized enzymes, a regulation factor and transporter genes. This review includes information on the current understanding of the mechanisms of patulin toxinogenesis and summarizes its toxicological effects.