Patterns of reasoning and decision making about condom use by urban college students.
Patterns of reasoning and decision making about condom use by urban college students.
复制标题
城市大学生关于安全套使用的推理和决策模式。
DOI：
10.1080/09540120500333509
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Kaufman,DR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Patel,VL;Gutnik,LA;Yoskowitz,NA;O'sullivan,LF;Kaufman,DR
在年轻的异性恋者中，艾滋病毒感染率正在迅速上升，这使得了解这些人如何在性接触中做出风险决定变得越来越重要。我们在这项研究中的目标是描述年轻人更安全的性行为，并将这种行为与推理模式联系起来，使用认知和信息处理方法来理解性行为风险的过程。来自纽约的60名城市大学生写了两周的日记，然后接受了关于终生避孕套使用和性史的采访。采用认知分析的方法，将避孕套使用行为分为一致使用(35.0%)、不一致使用(16.7%)、不一致使用(35.0%)和不一致使用(13.3%)四种模式，并在避孕套使用决策解释中分析了推理的方向性(即数据驱动推理和假设驱动推理)。一致和不一致的避孕套使用模式与数据驱动的启发式推理有关，在数据驱动的启发式推理中，行为变得自动化，并与对一个人的判断的高度自信有关。在其他两种模式中，行为的改变是由于一个重大事件导致推理类型改变为基于解释的推理，反映了不确定感和评估其决定的意愿。我们在确定潜在高危人群(例如，异性恋的年轻人)以及降低风险的干预策略的框架内讨论这些结果。此外，我们的发现不仅确定了不同的避孕套使用行为模式，而且我们对决策认知过程的调查表征了这种行为和推理发生变化的条件。
HIV infection rates are rapidly increasing among young heterosexuals, making it increasingly important to understand how these individuals make decisions regarding risk in sexual encounters. Our objective in this study was to characterize young adults’ safer sex behaviour and associate this behaviour with patterns of reasoning, using cognitive, information processing methods to understand the process of sexual risk taking. Sixty urban college students from NYC maintained diaries for two weeks and then were interviewed regarding lifetime condom use and sexual history. Using cognitive analysis, we characterized four patterns of condom use behaviour: consistent condom use (35.0%), inconsistent condom use (16.7%), shifting from consistent to inconsistent condom use (35.0%), and shifting from inconsistent to consistent condom use (13.3%).Directionality of reasoning (i.e. data-driven and hypothesis-driven reasoning) was analysed in the explanations provided for condom use decisions. The consistent and inconsistent patterns of condom use were associated with data-driven heuristic reasoning, where behaviour becomes automated and is associated with a high level of confidence in one's judgment. In the other two patterns, the shift in behaviour was due to a significant event that caused a change in type of reasoning to explanation-based reasoning, reflecting feelings of uncertainty and willingness to evaluate their decisions. We discuss these results within the framework of identifying potentially high-risk groups (e.g. heterosexual young adults) as well as intervention strategies for risk reduction. Further, our findings not only identify different patterns of condom use behaviour, but our investigation of the cognitive process of decision-making characterizes the conditions under which such behaviour and reasoning change.