The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in cognition and behavior
The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in cognition and behavior
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DOI：
10.1515/revneuro-2014-0043
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发表时间：
2015-02-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Scherder, Erik J. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jonker, Frank A.;Jonker, Cees;Scherder, Erik J. A.
眶额皮质（OFC）在行为中起着至关重要的作用，并且是由于不同类型的损伤而导致损伤的常见部位，例如，闭合性头部损伤、脑血管意外、肿瘤、神经外科干预。尽管OFC损伤后会发生（严重的）行为变化，但OFC损伤的人似乎在认知方面完好无损，即，至少在通过标准神经心理学测试进行评估时是这样。与此同时，针对逆转学习、赌博和社会认知的神经心理学测试显示，这些患者的能力下降。本综述的目的是将这些神经心理学测试的表现与行为联系起来。结果表明，在眶额病变的患者中，逆转学习与行为去抑制相关性更高，表达情绪的识别障碍与社交不当行为相关性更高。失礼测试（心理理论）似乎对眶额病变不敏感。未来的研究应该涉及更多的患者，明确的位置在OFC，并应整合特定的神经心理学测试和定量行为措施，以更好地了解OFC的认知和行为的贡献。
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays a crucial role in behavior and is a common site for damage due to different types of injuries, e.g., closed head injuries, cerebrovascular accidents, tumors, neurosurgical interventions. Despite the (severe) behavioral changes following OFC lesions, persons with damage to the OFC appear to be cognitively intact, i.e., at least when assessed by means of standard neuropsychological tests. Meanwhile, neuropsychological tests addressing reversal learning, gambling, and social cognition show a decline in these patients. The goal of the present review is to link the performance of these latter neuropsychological tests to behavior. The results suggest that in patients with orbitofrontal lesions, reversal learning is more associated with behavioral disinhibition and that impairment in recognition of expressed emotion is more associated with social inappropriate behavior. The faux pas test (theory of mind) appears not to be sensitive to orbitofrontal lesions. Future studies should involve a larger numbers of patients with well-defined locations in the OFC and should integrate specific neuropsychological tests and quantitative behavioral measures to better understand the contribution of the OFC to cognition and behavior.