An Overview of Judgment and Decision Making Research Through the Lens of Fuzzy Trace Theory.
An Overview of Judgment and Decision Making Research Through the Lens of Fuzzy Trace Theory.
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DOI：
10.3724/sp.j.1042.2014.01837
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发表时间：
2014-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Reyna, Valerie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Setton, Roni;Wilhelms, Evan;Reyna, Valerie
我们提出了模糊轨迹理论的基本原理，这是一种关于记忆、判断和决策的综合理论，其基础是对信息如何作为知识存储、心理表示、从存储中检索和处理的研究。在此过程中，我们强调了它与传统决策模型的区别，因为要点推理发挥着核心作用。该理论还区分了高级直觉和原始冲动。它预测判断和决策的每个组成部分会出现不同类型的错误：背景知识、表示、检索和处理。判断和决策文献中的经典错误，例如风险选择框架和合取谬误，可以通过模糊迹理论来解释，并且该理论产生的新结果与传统方法相矛盾。我们还描述了大脑和行为的发育变化如何为成人认知处理提供重要的见解。对发展中和特殊人群的大脑和行为进行调查的研究支持模糊痕迹理论关于对要点处理的依赖的预测。
We present the basic tenets of fuzzy trace theory, a comprehensive theory of memory, judgment, and decision making that is grounded in research on how information is stored as knowledge, mentally represented, retrieved from storage, and processed. In doing so, we highlight how it is distinguished from traditional models of decision making in that gist reasoning plays a central role. The theory also distinguishes advanced intuition from primitive impulsivity. It predicts that different sorts of errors occur with respect to each component of judgment and decision making: background knowledge, representation, retrieval, and processing. Classic errors in the judgment and decision making literature, such as risky-choice framing and the conjunction fallacy, are accounted for by fuzzy trace theory and new results generated by the theory contradict traditional approaches. We also describe how developmental changes in brain and behavior offer crucial insight into adult cognitive processing. Research investigating brain and behavior in developing and special populations supports fuzzy trace theory's predictions about reliance on gist processing.