Corticostriatal-hypothalamic circuitry and food motivation: Integration of energy, action and reward
Corticostriatal-hypothalamic circuitry and food motivation: Integration of energy, action and reward
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DOI：
10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.08.066
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发表时间：
2005-12-15
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Will, MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kelley, AE;Baldo, BA;Will, MJ
过去十年的工作支持这样一种观点，即食欲动机的离散方面是由丘脑核（Acb）内独立但相互作用的神经化学系统介导的。我们在此回顾了一系列的研究在大鼠中比较操纵Acb氨基酸，阿片类，乙酰胆碱和多巴胺系统的自由喂养和食物强化的操作性反应的测试的影响。本实验室和文献中的结果支持三个一般性结论：（1）仅位于Acb壳层的GABA输出神经元直接影响下丘脑摄食运动模式的效应器机制，但不参与更复杂的食物寻求策略的执行;（2）分布在前壳核和尾壳核的脑啡肽能神经元介导了味觉的享乐影响（高糖/高脂肪）食物，这些神经元受纹状体胆碱能中间神经元的调节控制;（3）Acb中的多巴胺传递控制与反应选择和活力相关的一般运动和唤醒过程，以及运动团队相关的可塑性。这些解离可能反映了这些神经化学系统差异访问苍白球-丘脑-皮质环路到达自主运动系统（在阿片类药物和多巴胺的情况下）的方式，而不是更受限制的传出连接到下丘脑运动/自主控制列（在Acb，壳GABA和谷氨酸系统的情况下）。此外，我们假设，虽然这些系统协同工作，以协调与下丘脑能量感应底物喂养的预期和完成阶段，纹状体阿片样物质网络进化出一种专门的能力，以促进过度进食的能量密集的食物超出急性稳态的需要，以确保未来潜在的饥荒的能量储备。(c)2005年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
Work over the past decade has supported the idea that discrete aspects of appetitive motivation are differentially mediated by separate but interacting neurochemical systems within the nucleus accumbens (Acb). We review herein a series of studies in rats comparing the effects of manipulating Acb amino acid, opioid, acetylcholine, and dopamine systems on tests of free-feeding and food-reinforced operant responding. Results from our laboratory and in the literature support three general conclusions: (1) GABA output neurons localized exclusively within the Acb shell directly influence hypothalamic effector mechanisms for feeding motor patterns, but do not participate in the execution of more complex food-seeking strategies; (2) enkephalinergic neurons distributed throughout the Acb, and caudate-putamen mediate the hedonic impact of palatable (high sugar/fat) foods, and these neurons are under modulatory control by striatal cholinergic interneurons; and (3) dopamine transmission in the Acb governs general motoric and arousal processes related to response selection and invigoration, as well as motor teaming-related plasticity. These dissociations may reflect the manner in which these neurochemical systems differentially access pallido-thalamo-cortical loops reaching the voluntary motor system (in the case of opioids and dopamine), versus more restricted efferent connections to hypothalamic motor/autonomic control columns (in the case of Acb, shell GABA and glutamate systems). Moreover, we hypothesize that while these systems work in tandem to coordinate the anticipatory and consummatory phases of feeding with hypothalamic energy-sensing substrates, the striatal opioid network evolved a specialized capacity to promote overeating of energy-dense foods beyond acute homeostatic needs, to ensure an energy reserve for potential future famine. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.