'Book Reviews The Political Economy of Sustainable Development: Policy Instruments and Market Mechanisms by Timothy Cadman, Lauren Eastwood, Federico Lopez-Casero Michaelis, Tek Narayan Maraseni, Jamie Pittock, and Tapan Sarker, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar,
'Book Reviews The Political Economy of Sustainable Development: Policy Instruments and Market Mechanisms by Timothy Cadman, Lauren Eastwood, Federico Lopez-Casero Michaelis, Tek Narayan Maraseni, Jamie Pittock, and Tapan Sarker, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar,
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《可持续发展的政治经济学：政策工具和市场机制》书评作者：蒂莫西·卡德曼、劳伦·伊斯特伍德、费德里科·洛佩兹-卡塞罗·米凯利斯、泰克·纳拉扬·马拉塞尼、杰米·皮托克、塔潘·萨克尔、切尔滕纳姆、爱德华·埃尔加，
DOI：
10.1111/deve.12120
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mihoko Shimamoto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
大西修平;山川卓;赤嶺達郎;島本美保子;Mihoko SHIMAMOTO;島本美保子;Mihoko Shimamoto
作者认为，本书旨在确定以下问题：（1）可持续发展政策工具的对错;（2）推进可持续发展的最佳模式是什么。特别是，它们侧重于比较和评价关于森林问题的各种政策措施：《京都议定书》所列的清洁发展机制;减少毁林和森林退化所致排放量以及保护的作用，发展中国家森林可持续管理和增加森林碳储量（REDD+）[第十五次缔约方会议后]巴布亚新几内亚和哥斯达黎加在《联合国气候变化框架公约》（《气候公约》）缔约方会议第十三届会议上提出的建议;森林证书-森林管理理事会和森林证书认可方案;欧盟打击非法采伐木材的执法体系--森林执法、治理和贸易;生态系统服务付费和生物多样性抵消机制在《生物多样性公约》（CBD）框架内。在全球森林问题领域，关于通过一项具有法律约束力的全球森林管理条约的谈判陷入僵局，1992年，联合国环境与发展会议（环发会议）商定了一项不具法律约束力的森林原则宣言。在此之后，不同的政策措施开始在不同的背景下，和“广泛的机构，共享一些共同点共存，但有时这些可以在一系列的”筒仓“内运作。(p. 2）。因此，本书的写作意图以及所分析和比较的政策措施似乎得到了许多森林问题专家的赞同。在第一章中，作者提出了两项政策措施，即CDM和REDD+，这两项措施都是UNFCCC战略。清洁发展机制是《京都议定书》中的京都机制之一，发达国家可以利用其在2008-12年承诺期内在发展中国家开展的减排项目所产生的信贷。2013年，有7 000多个项目，发放的信用额度相当于12亿吨碳。但作者指出，“清洁发展机制既能减少温室气体排放又能实现可持续发展的能力受到质疑”（第28页）。作者为此列举了几个原因。首先，发展中国家注重以项目为基础的减排，而不是更大规模的技术改造计划，并没有降低交易成本，
According to the authors, this book aims to establish the following:(1) what is right and wrong with the policy instruments for sustainable development; and (2) what is the best model to advance sustainable development. In particular, they focus on the comparison and evaluation of various policy measures on forest issues: the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) included in the Kyoto Protocol; Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation and the Role of Conservation, Sustainable Management of Forests and Enhancement of Forest Carbon Stocks in Developing Countries (REDD+)[Post COP15] proposed by Papua New Guinea and Costa Rica in COP 13 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC); forest certifications—the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC); the law enforcement system against illegally logged timbers—Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) in the EU; and policy measures for biodiversity—Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) and the Biodiversity Offset Mechanism (BOM) proposed in the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) framework. In the global forest issue field, negotiations on the adoption of a legally binding treaty on global forest management had reached a deadlock, and in 1992 a non-legally binding declaration of forest principles was agreed at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED). After that, diverse policy measures began in various contexts, and a “wide range of institutions that share a number of commonalities coexist, but at times these can function within a series of ‘silos.’”(p. 2). Thus the intention of this volume and the policy measures it analyzes and compares seem very sympathetic with many experts in forest issues.In Chapter 1, the authors take up two policy measures, the CDM and REDD+, both of which are UNFCCC strategies. The CDM is one of the Kyoto mechanisms in the Kyoto Protocol, whereby developed countries could use the credit accruing from their emissions reduction projects in developing countries in the commitment period 2008–12. In 2013, there were over 7,000 projects, and the amount of credits issued equated to 1.2 billion tons of carbon. But the authors state that “the ability to which the CDM can both reduce GHG [greenhouse gas] emissions and deliver sustainable development has been questioned”(p. 28). The authors cite several reasons for this. First, the focus on project-based reductions rather than larger programs of technological transformation by developing countries has not lowered transaction costs or created