Nonequilibrium quantum fluctuations of work
Nonequilibrium quantum fluctuations of work
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DOI：
10.1103/physreve.90.032137
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发表时间：
2014-09-26
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Allahverdyan, A. E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Allahverdyan, A. E.
功的概念是统计热力学的基础。为了更全面地理解功及其（量子）特征，需要将它表示为波动量的平均值。在这里，我专注于两个时刻之间所做的工作，由含时哈密顿驱动的热隔离量子系统。我制定了两个自然条件所需的波动工作是物理意义的系统，从非平衡态开始其演变。现有的定义并不满足这些条件，由于追溯到非交换性的问题。我提出了一个定义波动的工作，是免费的以前的缺点，适用于广泛的非平衡初始状态。它允许推导适用于任意（不平衡）初始状态的广义功涨落定理。
The concept of work is basic for statistical thermodynamics. To gain a fuller understanding of work and its (quantum) features, it needs to be represented as an average of a fluctuating quantity. Here I focus on the work done between two moments of time for a thermally isolated quantum system driven by a time-dependent Hamiltonian. I formulate two natural conditions needed for the fluctuating work to be physically meaningful for a system that starts its evolution from a nonequilibrium state. The existing definitions do not satisfy these conditions due to issues that are traced back to noncommutativity. I propose a definition of fluctuating work that is free of previous drawbacks and that applies for a wide class of nonequilibrium initial states. It allows the deduction of a generalized work-fluctuation theorem that applies for an arbitrary (out-of-equilibrium) initial state.