Connecting extreme climatic events to changes in ecological interactions
Connecting extreme climatic events to changes in ecological interactions
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2435.13820
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发表时间：
2021-07
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
J. Kingsolver;Katherine H Malinski;A. L. Parker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Kingsolver;Katherine H Malinski;A. L. Parker
在过去几十年中，许多地区极端气候事件的频率和严重程度都有所增加（Trenberth等人，2015; Wang等人，2013年）。了解这些事件的生物影响是生理学家，生态学家和进化生物学家在这个正在进行和未来气候变化的时代面临的重要挑战（Harvey等人，2020年）。在过去的十年中，极端高温事件（EHT）的研究受到了特别的关注，因为它们在许多地区的频率越来越高（Bailey &货车de pol，2016年; Grant等人，2017; Stokes等人，已经使用了各种研究方法来研究EHT在变温动物中的后果。耐热性的实验室测量，包括临界最高温度（CTmax）和上限致死温度（Tul），可以与气候或小气候数据相结合，以预测EHT对生存或地理范围的影响（奥弗加德et al.，2014年; Rezaldom等人，2020; Sunday等人，2011年）。耐热性的表型可塑性已经在许多陆生和水生外温动物中得到证实（Seebacher等人，2015），但可塑性缓冲EHT生态影响的潜力尚不清楚（Gunderson & Stillman，2015）。相互作用物种之间的耐热性差异已被用于探索EHT如何改变种间竞争或宿主-寄生虫相互作用的结果（Comeault & Matute，2021; Furlong & Zalucki，2017;摩尔等人，2021; Schreven等人，2017年）。最近的气候变化也可能起作用;在几个温带昆虫系统中已经记录了最近耐热性或高温下性能的进化增加（Diamond等人，2017; Higgins等人，2014年）。这些例子说明了用于探索环境卫生技术影响的各种方法。然而，很少有研究将实验室和现场实验相结合来探索这种影响
The frequency and severity of extreme climatic events have increased in many regions during the past several decades (Trenberth et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2013). Understanding the biological impacts of such events is an important challenge for physiologists, ecologists, and evolutionary biologists during this era of ongoing and future climate change (Harvey et al., 2020). The study of extreme high-temperature events (EHTs) has received particular attention during the past decade because of their increasing frequency in many regions (Bailey & van de pol, 2016; Grant et al., 2017; Stoks et al., 2017).A variety of research approaches have been used to study the consequences of EHTs in ectothermic animals. Laboratory measurements of heat tolerance, including critical maximum temperatures (CTmax) and upper lethal temperatures (Tul), can be combined with climatic or microclimatic data to predict the impacts of EHTs on survival or geographical range (Overgaard et al., 2014; Rezende et al., 2020; Sunday et al., 2011). Phenotypic plasticity in heat tolerance has been demonstrated in many terrestrial and aquatic ectotherms (Seebacher et al., 2015), but the potential for plasticity to buffer the ecological impacts of EHTs is unclear (Gunderson & Stillman, 2015). Differences in heat tolerances between interacting species have been used to explore how EHTs can alter the outcomes of interspecific competition or host–parasite interactions (Comeault & Matute, 2021; Furlong & Zalucki, 2017; Moore et al., 2021; Schreven et al., 2017). Recent climate change may also play a role; recent evolutionary increases in heat tolerance or performance at high temperatures have been documented in several temperate insect systems (Diamond et al., 2017; Higgins et al., 2014). These examples illustrate the range of approaches used to explore the impacts of EHTs. However, few studies have integrated laboratory and field experiments to explore the effects