Obscenity in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century France
Obscenity in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century France
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十六世纪和十七世纪法国的淫秽行为
DOI：
10.1093/fs/knt153
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
0.2
通讯作者：
Roberts H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Roberts H
1702年，皮埃尔·贝勒（Pierre Bayle）在他的《历史与评论词典》（Dictionnaire historique et criticism）第二版中，用了19页的篇幅来回应人们对他的指责，即他让淫秽内容溜进了他那不朽的博学之作。[1]大约两个世纪前，伊拉斯谟在他的《基督教婚姻制度》（Christiani matrimonii institutio，1526年）中提出了一系列类似的问题，但篇幅没有贝勒那么长，而是以一种更广泛的方式，从不同的出发点出发，因为这位伟大的人文主义者考虑了未婚女性可能遭遇猥亵的多种方式，从客栈标志到婚礼歌曲，以及更多的学术追求。[2]伊拉斯谟和贝勒的著作表明，在法国成为淫秽的中心，并从文艺复兴时期的意大利那里继承衣钵的这一时期，人们对这个问题的关注是持久的。[3]很明显，淫秽并不是等到文艺复兴时期才出现的，最近关于古罗马和中世纪的研究表明了这一点。[4]然而，印刷术、古代文献编辑、地理探索、解剖学和医学等不同领域的发展，以及意大利文化的影响，尤其是宗教改革和反宗教改革，都为淫秽的概念在16和17世纪的法国重新出现提供了一个特别有力的背景。从默默无闻到经典的人物都创作了令人反感的作品，这些作品受到各种审查机构的不同程度的成功，或者作者自己表示有些超出了范围。虽然现代主流学术一度倾向于忽视这一时期的淫秽作品，但最近的研究已经揭开了16世纪和17世纪法国许多色情和淫秽作品的面纱。这份报告提供了一个帐户，
In 1702 Pierre Bayle devoted nineteen folio pages of the second edition of his Dictionnaire historique et critique to answering accusations that he had let obscenities slip into his monumental work of erudition. 1 Almost two centuries before this, Erasmus had raised a similar set of issues in his Christiani matrimonii institutio (1526), not at such length as Bayle, but in a more wide-ranging way and from a different starting point, as the great humanist considered multiple ways in which unmarried women might encounter obscenity, from inn signs to wedding songs, as well as through more scholarly pursuits. 2 Erasmus’s and Bayle’s works indicate an enduring preoccupation with the issue during this period when France became an epicentre of obscenity, taking on that mantle from Renaissance Italy. 3 Obviously, obscenity did not wait until the Renaissance to spring into being, as recent work on ancient Rome and the Middle Ages makes clear. 4 Nevertheless, developments in such diverse fields as printing, the editing of ancient texts, geographical exploration, anatomical and medical science, as well as the influence of Italian culture, and, not least, the Reformation and Counter-Reformation, all provided a particularly potent context in which the notion of obscenity was able to reemerge in sixteenth-and seventeenth-century France. Figures from the obscure to the canonical produced scandalous works, which were pursued with differing degrees of success by various censors or which authors themselves signalled as being somewhat beyond the pale. While modern mainstream scholarship once tended to neglect smut of this period, more recent studies have pulled down the veil that used to cover many of the pornographic and scatological works of sixteenth-and seventeenth-century France. This état présent gives an account of