Myxomatosis in farmland rabbit populations in England and Wales
Myxomatosis in farmland rabbit populations in England and Wales
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英格兰和威尔士农田兔群中的粘液瘤病
DOI：
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发表时间：
1989
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
M. F. Sanders
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Ross;A. M. Tittensor;A. Fox;M. F. Sanders
总结1971年至1978年期间，在英格兰南部低地和威尔士中部高地的三个农田地点研究了野兔群体粘液瘤病的总体模式和后果。当所有年份的结果相结合时，该疾病显示出明显的双峰年周期，8月至1月之间为秋季高峰，2月至4月为春季高峰。兔蚤是英国多发性粘液瘤病的主要媒介，在成年兔身上存在足够数量的传播，全年都有发生，但观察到的疾病的季节性模式似乎受到这些跳蚤季节性大规模运动的影响。然而，其他因素也很重要，包括主要兔子繁殖季节的时间和成功，从疾病中恢复的兔子的比例以及其他原因导致的秋兔死亡的时间和程度。明显更多的男性比女性，更多的成年人和未成年人比青少年，被观察到感染粘液瘤病。在疫情期间，只有25-27%的总人口被感染。使用两种独立的计算方法，估计47%至69%的感染兔死于该疾病（远低于预期的90%至95%的完全易感兔，其中部分减毒病毒株占主导地位）。因此，据估计，已知12-19%的家兔总数直接或间接死于粘液瘤病。虽然粘液瘤病的影响比20世纪50年代和60年代要小得多，但它仍然是一个重要的死亡因素。它可能仍然对兔子数量有调节作用，秋季/冬季疾病高峰减少了繁殖季节开始时的兔子数量。
SUMMARY The overall pattern and consequences of myxomatosis in wild rabbit populations were studied at three farmland sites in lowland southern England and upland central Wales between 1971 and 1978. When results from all years were combined, the disease showed a clear two-peaked annual cycle, with a main autumn peak between August and January, and a subsidiary spring peak during February to April. Rabbit fleas, the main vectors of myxomatosis in Britain, were present on full-grown rabbits in sufficient numbers for transmission to occur throughout the year, but the observed seasonal pattern of the disease appeared to be influenced by seasonal mass movements of these fleas. However other factors were also important including the timing and success of the main rabbit breeding season, the proportion of rabbits which had recovered from the disease and the timing and extent of autumn rabbit mortality from other causes. Significantly more males than females, and more adults and immatures than juveniles, were observed to be infected by myxomatosis. Only 25–27% of the total populations were seen to be infected during outbreaks. Using two independent methods of calculation, it was estimated that between 47 and 69% of infected rabbits died from the disease (much lower than the expected 90–95% for fully susceptible rabbits with the partly attenuated virus strains that predominated). Thus it was estimated that 12–19% of the total rabbit populations were known to have died directly or indirectly from myxomatosis. Although the effects of myxomatosis were much less than during the 1950s and 1960s, it continued to be an important mortality factor. It may still have a regulatory effect on rabbit numbers, with autumn/winter peaks of disease reducing the numbers of rabbits present at the start of the breeding season.