Penetration of intact skin by quantum dots with diverse physicochemical properties
Penetration of intact skin by quantum dots with diverse physicochemical properties
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DOI：
10.1093/toxsci/kfj122
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发表时间：
2006-05-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Monteiro-Riviere, NA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ryman-Rasmussen, JP;Riviere, JE;Monteiro-Riviere, NA
皮肤是人体最大的器官，是暴露于工程纳米材料的潜在途径，但皮肤对这些纳米材料的渗透性尚不清楚。我们选择了两种核/壳尺寸和形状以及三种不同表面涂层的市售量子点（QD），以确定QD是否可以以尺寸或涂层依赖性方式穿透完整皮肤。将具有中性（聚乙二醇）、阴离子（羧酸）或阳离子（聚乙二醇-胺）包衣的球形4.6 nm核/壳直径QD 565和椭圆形12 nm（长轴）× 6 nm（短轴）核/壳直径QD 655以职业相关剂量局部应用于流通扩散池中的猪皮肤，持续8 h和24 h。共聚焦显微镜显示，每种表面涂层的球形QD 565渗透角质层，并在8小时内定位在表皮和真皮层内。类似地，聚乙二醇和聚乙二醇胺包被的椭圆体QD 655在8小时内定位在表皮层内。在24 h之前，羧酸包衣QD 655没有明显的渗透，此时观察到表皮层中的定位。这项研究表明，不同尺寸、形状和表面涂层的量子点可以在平均工作日的跨度内以职业相关剂量穿透完整的皮肤。这些结果表明，皮肤对具有不同物理化学性质的纳米材料具有令人惊讶的渗透性，并且可以作为人类局部和可能全身暴露于QD和其他工程纳米级材料的入口。
Skin is the largest organ of the body and is a potential route of exposure to engineered nanomaterials, but the permeability of the skin to these nanomaterials is unknown. We selected commercially available quantum dots (QD) of two core/shell sizes and shapes and three different surface coatings to determine if QD could penetrate intact skin in a size- or coating-dependent manner. Spherical 4.6 nm core/shell diameter QD 565 and ellipsoid 12 nm (major axis) by 6 nm (minor axis) core/shell diameter QD 655 with neutral (polyethylene glycol), anionic (carboxylic acids) or cationic (polyethylene glycol-amine) coatings were topically applied to porcine skin in flow-through diffusion cells at an occupationally relevant dose for 8 h and 24 h. Confocal microscopy revealed that spherical QD 565 of each surface coating penetrated the stratum corneum and localized within the epidermal and dermal layers by 8 h. Similarly, polyethylene glycol- and polyethylene glycol-amine-coated ellipsoid QD 655 localized within the epidermal layers by 8 h. No penetration of carboxylic acid-coated QD 655 was evident until 24 h, at which time localization in the epidermal layers was observed. This study showed that quantum dots of different sizes, shapes, and surface coatings can penetrate intact skin at an occupationally relevant dose within the span of an average-length work day. These results suggest that skin is surprisingly permeable to nanomaterials with diverse physicochemical properties and may serve as a portal of entry for localized, and possibly systemic, exposure of humans to QD and other engineered nanoscale materials.