Acute pulmonary toxicity of particulate matter filter extracts in rats: Coherence with epidemiologic studies in Utah Valley residents
Acute pulmonary toxicity of particulate matter filter extracts in rats: Coherence with epidemiologic studies in Utah Valley residents
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DOI：
10.2307/3434787
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发表时间：
2001-06-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Costa, DL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dye, JA;Lehmann, JR;Costa, DL
C.A.的流行病学报告Pope III et.等人证明，在犹他州山谷，1987年冬天关闭一家平炉炼钢厂与山谷居民呼吸道疾病和相关住院率的减少有关。为了更好地研究与工厂相关的环境颗粒物（PM）的变化和呼吸系统健康的影响之间的关系，我们获得了总悬浮颗粒过滤器最初收集附近的钢铁厂在1986年冬季（关闭前），1987年（关闭期间），1988年（工厂重新开放后）。从这些过滤器中水浸提PM子组分，并向Sprague-Dawley大鼠气管内滴入等量浸提液。数据表明，24小时后，暴露于1986或1988浸提液的大鼠出现显著的肺损伤和嗜酸性炎症。此外，暴露于1986年或1988年提取物的大鼠中有50%的气道对乙酰胆碱的反应性增加，而暴露于生理盐水或1987年提取物的大鼠分别为17%和25%。到96小时，这些影响基本上得到解决，除了1986年浸提液暴露大鼠的肺灌洗液中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞增加。通过肺组织学评估观察到类似效应。使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法进行的浸提物分析表明，在所有三种浸提物中，近70%的质量似乎是来自玻璃过滤器基质的钠基盐。有趣的是，相对于1987年的提取物，1986/1988年的提取物含有更多的硫酸盐、阳离子盐（即，钙、钾、镁），和某些金属（即，铜、锌、铁、铅、锶、砷、锰、镍）。尽管总金属含量小于或等于浸提液质量的1%，但在1986年和1988年浸提液中检测到的更大数量表明金属可能是观察到的肺毒性的重要决定因素。总之，大鼠暴露于当地环境PM过滤器的水基提取物引起的肺部效应与犹他州山谷居民不良呼吸健康影响的横断面流行病学报告雅阁。
Epidemiologic reports by C.A. Pope III et. al. demonstrated that in the Utah Valley, closure of an open-hearth steel mill over the winter of 1987 was associated with reductions in respiratory disease and related hospital admissions in valley residents. To better examine the relationship between plant-associated changes in ambient particulate matter (PM) and respiratory health effects, we obtained total suspended particulate filters originally collected near the steel mill during the winter of 1986 (before closure), 1987 (during closure), and 1988 (after plant reopening). PM subcomponents were water-extracted from these filters and Sprague-Dawley rats were intratracheally instilled with equivalent masses of extract. Data indicated that 24 hr later, rats exposed to 1986 or 1988 extracts developed significant pulmonary injury and neutrophilic inflammation. Additionally, 50% of rats exposed to 1986 or 1988 extracts had increased airway responsiveness to acetylcholine, compared to 17 and 25% of rats exposed to saline or the 1987 extract, respectively. By 96 hr, these effects were largely resolved except for increases in lung lavage fluid neutrophils and lymphocytes in 1986 extract-exposed rats. Analogous effects were observed with lung histologic assessment. Extract analysis using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy demonstrated in all three extracts nearly 70% of the mass appeared to be sodium-based salts derived from the glass filter matrix. Interestingly, relative to the 1987 extract, the 1986/1988 extracts contained more sulfate, cationic salts (i.e., calcium, potassium, magnesium), and certain metals (i.e., copper, zinc, iron, lead, strontium, arsenic, manganese, nickel). Although total metal content was less than or equal to 1% of the extracts by mass, the greater quantity detected in the 1986 and 1988 extracts suggests metals may be important determinants of the pulmonary toxicity observed. In conclusion, the pulmonary effects induced by exposure of rats to water-based extracts of local ambient PM filters were in good accord with the cross-sectional epidemiologic reports of adverse respiratory health effects in Utah Valley residents.