TERRA and RAD51AP1 promote alternative lengthening of telomeres through an R- to D-loop switch.

TERRA and RAD51AP1 promote alternative lengthening of telomeres through an R- to D-loop switch.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.molcel.2022.09.026
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发表时间:
2022-11-03
期刊:
影响因子:
16
通讯作者:
Zou L
Zou L
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Yadav T;Zhang JM;Ouyang J;Leung W;Simoneau A;Zou L

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端粒选择性延长 (ALT) 是一种独立于端粒酶的维持端粒的过程,由断裂诱导复制 (BIR) 介导。 RAD52 通过促进 D 环形成来促进 ALT,但 ALT 也通过不依赖于 RAD52 的 BIR 途径发生。在这里,我们证明端粒非编码 RNA TERRA 形成动态端粒 R 环,并有助于 RAD52 敲除细胞中的 ALT 活性。 TERRA 在体外和端粒处以 RAD51AP1 依赖性方式形成 R 环。 TERRA 形成的 R 环增加了端粒处的 G 四链体 (G4)。即使 TERRA 耗尽,G4 稳定性也会增强 ALT,这表明 G4 在 R 环下游发挥作用,促进 BIR。在体外,由 TERRA 和 RAD51AP1 组装的端粒 R 环生成 G4,G4 在 R 环解析后持续存在,并允许在没有 RAD52 的情况下形成端粒 D 环。因此,由 TERRA 和 RAD51AP1 形成的动态端粒 R 环使 RAD52 独立的 ALT 途径成为可能,并且 G4 在端粒处协调 R 到 D 环的转换以刺激 BIR。端粒 (ALT) 的替代延长是通过 RAD52 依赖性和非依赖性断裂诱导复制 (BIR) 发生的。亚达夫等人。显示 RAD51AP1 和端粒非编码 RNA TERRA 通过形成动态 R 环和增加端粒处的 G4 来促进不依赖于 RAD52 的 ALT,从而使 R 到 D 环切换能够独立于 RAD52 启动 BIR。
Alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT), a telomerase-independent process maintaining telomeres, is mediated by break-induced replication (BIR). RAD52 promotes ALT by facilitating D-loop formation, but ALT also occurs through a RAD52-independent BIR pathway. Here, we show that the telomere non-coding RNA TERRA forms dynamic telomeric R-loops and contributes to ALT activity in RAD52 knockout cells. TERRA forms R-loops in vitro and at telomeres in a RAD51AP1-dependent manner. The formation of R-loops by TERRA increases G-quadruplexes (G4s) at telomeres. G4 stabilization enhances ALT even when TERRA is depleted, suggesting that G4s act downstream of R-loops to promote BIR. In vitro, the telomeric R-loops assembled by TERRA and RAD51AP1 generate G4s, which persist after R-loop resolution and allow formation of telomeric D-loops without RAD52. Thus, the dynamic telomeric R-loops formed by TERRA and RAD51AP1 enable the RAD52-independent ALT pathway, and G4s orchestrate an R-to-D loop switch at telomeres to stimulate BIR. Alternative lengthening of telomere (ALT) occurs through RAD52-dependent and -independent break induced replication (BIR). Yadav et al. show that RAD51AP1 and the telomeric non-coding RNA TERRA promote RAD52-independent ALT by forming dynamic R-loops and increasing G4s at telomeres, enabling an R-to-D loop switch to initiate BIR independently of RAD52.
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