TERRA and RAD51AP1 promote alternative lengthening of telomeres through an R- to D-loop switch.
TERRA and RAD51AP1 promote alternative lengthening of telomeres through an R- to D-loop switch.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.molcel.2022.09.026
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发表时间:
2022-11-03
期刊:
影响因子:
16
通讯作者:
Zou L
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Yadav T;Zhang JM;Ouyang J;Leung W;Simoneau A;Zou L
Alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT), a telomerase-independent process maintaining telomeres, is mediated by break-induced replication (BIR). RAD52 promotes ALT by facilitating D-loop formation, but ALT also occurs through a RAD52-independent BIR pathway. Here, we show that the telomere non-coding RNA TERRA forms dynamic telomeric R-loops and contributes to ALT activity in RAD52 knockout cells. TERRA forms R-loops in vitro and at telomeres in a RAD51AP1-dependent manner. The formation of R-loops by TERRA increases G-quadruplexes (G4s) at telomeres. G4 stabilization enhances ALT even when TERRA is depleted, suggesting that G4s act downstream of R-loops to promote BIR. In vitro, the telomeric R-loops assembled by TERRA and RAD51AP1 generate G4s, which persist after R-loop resolution and allow formation of telomeric D-loops without RAD52. Thus, the dynamic telomeric R-loops formed by TERRA and RAD51AP1 enable the RAD52-independent ALT pathway, and G4s orchestrate an R-to-D loop switch at telomeres to stimulate BIR. Alternative lengthening of telomere (ALT) occurs through RAD52-dependent and -independent break induced replication (BIR). Yadav et al. show that RAD51AP1 and the telomeric non-coding RNA TERRA promote RAD52-independent ALT by forming dynamic R-loops and increasing G4s at telomeres, enabling an R-to-D loop switch to initiate BIR independently of RAD52.
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