Age- and sex-specific differences in immune responses to BNT162b2 COVID-19 and live-attenuated influenza vaccines in UK adolescents
Age- and sex-specific differences in immune responses to BNT162b2 COVID-19 and live-attenuated influenza vaccines in UK adolescents
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英国青少年对 BNT162b2 COVID-19 和减毒流感疫苗的免疫反应存在年龄和性别差异
DOI：
10.1101/2023.07.24.23293091
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jay C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jay C
理解COVID-19保护相关性的关键是评估不同人口群体中疫苗诱导的免疫力。年轻人的COVID-19死亡风险较低，女性的风险低于男性，女性通常对疫苗接种产生更强的免疫反应。（n = 34，年龄12-16），该年龄组先前显示对相同疫苗的免疫应答比年轻成人显著更大。对青少年进行了研究，目的是比较他们对BNT 162 b2的反应与成年人的反应;并评估其他因素的影响，如性别，学校中持续的SARS-CoV-2感染，以及之前暴露于在年轻人中高水平传播的地方性冠状病毒。与此同时，我们能够评估对共同施用的减毒活流感疫苗的免疫应答。对34名青少年在接种COVID-19和流感疫苗前后采集的血液样本进行了SARS-CoV-2特异性IgG和中和抗体以及SARS-CoV-2和地方性β冠状病毒特异性细胞免疫分析。IgG靶向流感病毒谱系中所含的流感疫苗进行了assessed.ResultsRobust中和反应，确定在以前感染的青少年后，一个剂量，和两个剂量，需要在感染初治的青少年。如前所述，接种疫苗的青少年对SARS-CoV-2刺突的总IgG应答显著高于成年人（32-52岁）接种BNT 162 b2疫苗（比较未感染组，49，696 vs. 33，339; p = 0.03;比较先前感染的SARS-CoV-2，743，691 vs. 269，985; p <0.0001）。没有证据表明女性比男性更强的疫苗诱导的免疫力。讨论这些发现可能是由于引入了新的mRNA疫苗接种平台，产生了与既定趋势不同的免疫模式，并为COVID-19疫苗接种后的保护性提供了新的见解。
IntroductionThe key to understanding the COVID-19 correlates of protection is assessing vaccine-induced immunity in different demographic groups. Young people are at a lower risk of COVID-19 mortality, females are at a lower risk than males, and females often generate stronger immune responses to vaccination.MethodsWe studied immune responses to two doses of BNT162b2 Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine in an adolescent cohort (n = 34, ages 12–16), an age group previously shown to elicit significantly greater immune responses to the same vaccine than young adults. Adolescents were studied with the aim of comparing their response to BNT162b2 to that of adults; and to assess the impacts of other factors such as sex, ongoing SARS–CoV–2 infection in schools, and prior exposure to endemic coronaviruses that circulate at high levels in young people. At the same time, we were able to evaluate immune responses to the co-administered live attenuated influenza vaccine. Blood samples from 34 adolescents taken before and after vaccination with COVID-19 and influenza vaccines were assayed for SARS–CoV–2-specific IgG and neutralising antibodies and cellular immunity specific for SARS–CoV–2 and endemic betacoronaviruses. The IgG targeting influenza lineages contained in the influenza vaccine were also assessed.ResultsRobust neutralising responses were identified in previously infected adolescents after one dose, and two doses were required in infection-naïve adolescents. As previously demonstrated, total IgG responses to SARS–CoV-2 Spike were significantly higher among vaccinated adolescents than among adults (aged 32–52) who received the BNT162b2 vaccine (comparing infection-naïve, 49,696 vs. 33,339; p = 0.03; comparing SARS-CoV–2 previously infected, 743,691 vs. 269,985; p <0.0001) by the MSD v-plex assay. There was no evidence of a stronger vaccine-induced immunity in females compared than in males.DiscussionThese findings may result from the introduction of novel mRNA vaccination platforms, generating patterns of immunity divergent from established trends and providing new insights into what might be protective following COVID-19 vaccination.