Pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron.
Pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron.
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DOI：
10.1002/ctm2.880
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发表时间：
2022-05
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）引起的2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行自大流行开始以来持续影响世界许多地区超过两年。1，2截至2022年4月23日，SARS-CoV-2已感染超过5. 08亿人，死亡人数超过620万。随着SARS-CoV-2继续在人类中传播，可能调节病毒传播性，致病性和抗体逃避的新变异继续出现。目前，世界卫生组织（WHO）已确定5种SARS-CoV-2变异株为关注变异株（VOC），包括Alpha（B. 1.1. 7）、β（B. 1.351）、伽马（P. 1）、德尔塔（B. 1.617. 2)和Omicron（B. Omicron是最新定义的VOC，于2021年11月首次在南非报告。Omicron在人群中表现出强大的传播性，并迅速取代Delta成为主要的传播SARS-CoV-2变体。3从遗传学上看，Omicron与祖先SARS-CoV-2相比，在刺突蛋白中含有大量突变，包括30个氨基酸取代、3个短缺失和1个插入。这种异常高的突变数量使Omicron能够有效地逃避恢复期或接种血清中的中和抗体，并改变其进入细胞、复制和发病的能力。
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to affect many parts of the world more than 2 years since the pandemic started. 1, 2 As of 23 April 2022, SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 508 million people with more than 6.2 million deaths. As SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread among humans, new variants with mutations that may modulate viral transmissibility, pathogenicity and antibody evasion continue to emerge. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has identified five SARS-CoV-2 variants as Variant of Concern (VOC), including Alpha (B. 1.1. 7), Beta (B. 1.351), Gamma (P. 1), Delta (B. 1.617. 2) and Omicron (B. 1.529).Omicron, the most recently defined VOC, was first reported in November 2021 in South Africa. Omicron demonstrated robust transmissibility among the human population and has quickly replaced Delta as the dominant circulating SARS-CoV-2 variant. 3 Genetically, Omicron contains a large number of mutations in the spike protein, including 30 amino acid substitutions, three short deletions and one insertion, compared with the ancestral SARS-CoV-2. This unusually high number of mutations gives Omicron the ability to efficiently escape from neutralising antibody in convalescent or vaccinated sera, and modify its capacity in cell entry, replication and pathogenesis.