Retrieval Practice Improves Memory in Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Application of the Testing Effect
Retrieval Practice Improves Memory in Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Application of the Testing Effect
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DOI：
10.1037/a0017533
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发表时间：
2010-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
DeLuca, John
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sumowski, James F.;Chiaravalloti, Nancy;DeLuca, John
测试效应是一种强健的认知现象，通过记忆提取，测试比重新学习更能提高随后的回忆能力。测试效果也被称为提取练习，几乎只在健康的本科生中进行了研究。目前的研究调查了在多发性硬化症(MS)患者中，测试期间的提取练习是否比重新学习导致更好的延迟回忆。一种与记忆功能障碍有关的神经系统疾病。在受试者内部设计中，32名多发性硬化症患者和16名人口统计学上匹配的健康对照(HC)研究了48名言语配对伙伴(VPA)，分为3种学习条件：集中重学(MR)、间隔重学(SR)和间隔测试(ST)。在45min后测量VPA提示的延迟回忆。学习条件有很大的主效应(ETA(2)(P)=.54，p<；.001)，使得MS和HC参与者对通过ST学习的VPA比MR和SR：SR比MR产生更好的延迟回忆，对于有客观记忆障碍的MS参与者(n=16)也观察到了同样的模式，从而提供了第一个证据，表明在神经性记忆障碍的人中，提取练习比重新学习更能改善记忆。
The testing effect is a robust cognitive phenomenon by which memory retrieval oil a test improves subsequent recall more than restudying. Also known as retrieval practice, the testing effect has been studied almost exclusively in healthy undergraduates. The current study investigated whether retrieval practice during testing leads to better delayed recall than restudy among persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). a neurologic disease associated with memory dysfunction. In a within-subjects design, 32 persons with MS and 16 demographically matched healthy controls (HC) studied 48 verbal paired associates (VPA) divided across 3 learning conditions: massed restudy (MR), spaced restudy (SR), and spaced testing (ST). Delayed VPA cued recall was measured after 45 min. There was a large main effect of learning condition (eta(2)(p) = .54, p < .001) such that both MS and HC participants produced better delayed recall for VPAs learned through ST relative to MR and SR: and SR relative to MR. This same pattern was observed for MS participants with objective memory impairment (n = 16), thereby providing the first evidence that retrieval practice improves memory more than restudy among persons with neurologically based memory impairment.