Metabolic sensing neurons and the control of energy homeostasis
Metabolic sensing neurons and the control of energy homeostasis
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.07.003
复制
发表时间：
2006-11-30
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Levin, Barry E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Levin, Barry E.
大脑和外围神经进行着持续的对话；外周神经向大脑传达其代谢需求，大脑通过控制涉及能量摄入、消耗和储存的躯体运动、自主神经和神经体液通路来满足这些需求。代谢感知神经元是来自外周的各种代谢、不道德和神经输入的整合者。这样的神经元，最初被称为“葡萄糖感应”，也会对来自外周的脂肪酸、激素和代谢物做出反应。它们整合在参与调节能量稳态的神经通路中。与大多数神经元不同，它们利用葡萄糖和其他代谢物作为信号分子来调节它们的膜电位和放电速率。对于糖感神经元来说，葡萄糖激酶是糖感的限速步骤，而介导对乳酸、酮体和脂肪酸等代谢物反应的途径则不太清楚。许多代谢感知神经元也对胰岛素、瘦素和其他外周激素作出反应，并接受来自外周器官的神经输入。每组传入信号以不同的时间分布和不同的路径到达，这些输入在膜电位水平上相加，产生给定的神经放电模式。在一些肥胖个体中，代谢感知神经元对各种外周输入的相对敏感性在遗传上降低。这可能提供了一种机制，当他们暴露在高脂肪和高热量密度的饮食中时，他们倾向于变得肥胖。因此，代谢感知神经元可能为肥胖的治疗提供一个潜在的治疗靶点。(c) 2006爱思唯尔公司版权所有。
The brain and periphery carry on a constant conversation; the periphery informs the brain about its metabolic needs and the brain provides for these needs through its control of somatomotor, autonomic and neurohumoral pathways involved in energy intake, expenditure and storage. Metabolic sensing neurons are the integrators of a variety of metabolic, Immoral and neural inputs from the periphery. Such neurons, originally called "glucosensing", also respond to fatty acids, hormones and metabolites from the periphery. They are integrated within neural pathways involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Unlike most neurons, they utilize glucose and other metabolites as signaling molecules to regulate their membrane potential and firing rate. For glucosensing neurons, glucokinase acts as the rate-limiting step in glucosensing while the pathways that mediate responses to metabolites like lactate, ketone bodies and fatty acids are less well characterized. Many metabolic sensing neurons also respond to insulin and leptin and other peripheral hormones and receive neural inputs from peripheral organs. Each set of afferent signals arrives with different temporal profiles and by different routes and these inputs are summated at the level of the membrane potential to produce a given neural firing pattern. In some obese individuals, the relative sensitivity of metabolic sensing neurons to various peripheral inputs is genetically reduced. This may provide one mechanism underlying their propensity to become obese when exposed to diets high in fat and caloric density. Thus, metabolic sensing neurons may provide a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.