Too Big a Fish in the Digital Pond? The California Consumer Privacy Act and the Dormant Commerce Clause
Too Big a Fish in the Digital Pond? The California Consumer Privacy Act and the Dormant Commerce Clause
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数字池塘里的鱼太大了？
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发表时间：
2019
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通讯作者：
Russell A Spivak
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作者：
Russell A Spivak
2018 年，随着联邦隐私法规的废除和欧洲全球数据保护法规（即 GDPR）的通过，加州颁布了《加州消费者隐私法案》。该法案（CCPA）是美国隐私制度的一大进步，特别是因为许多世界上最大的科技公司都位于金州。然而，在其通过后，许多人认为 CCPA 实际上可能违反了商业条款，特别是反向或休眠商业条款，因为其巨大的经济影响。然而，尚未有任何学术文献证实这一说法。本文旨在做到这一点。本文首先回顾了定向广告背后的科学和原则，以及与广告商共享的数据，这些数据引起了 CCPA 的隐私问题。在第二节中，本文回顾了 CCPA，包括导致其通过的事件、法律文本、与 GDPR 的比较以及最初的批评接受。最后，在第三节中，文章阐述了休眠商业条款的判例，包括分析州法规以确定其是否违反该条款所依据的各种标准和测试，并将 CCPA 应用于该条款，得出的结论是，该法案应在任何商业条款质疑中继续存在。 2 辛辛那提大学法律评论，卷。 88 [2019]，第一期。 2、艺术。 3 https://scholarship.law.uc.edu/uclr/vol88/iss2/3 2020]数字池塘里的鱼太大了？第477章
In 2018, following both the repeal of federal privacy regulations and the passage of Europe’s Global Data Protection Regulation, better known as GDPR, California enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act. The Act, or CCPA, is a large step forward in U.S. privacy regime, particularly because many of the largest technology companies in the world are at home in the Golden State. Following its passage, however, many have suggested that the CCPA may in fact violate the Commerce Clause, and specifically the Inverse or Dormant Commerce Clause, because of its outsized economic impact. No academic literature has yet fleshed out this claim, however. This article seeks to do just that. The article begins by reviewing the science and principles underlying targeted ads and the data shared to advertisers that give rise to the privacy concerns animating the CCPA. In Section II, the article reviews the CCPA, including the events leading up to its passage, the law’s text, its comparison to GDPR, and its initial critical reception. Finally, in Section III, the article lays out the Dormant Commerce Clause’s jurisprudence—including the various standards and tests under which state statutes are analyzed to determine whether they violate the clause—and applies the CCPA to the Clause, arriving at the conclusion that the Act should survive any Commerce Clause challenge. 2 University of Cincinnati Law Review, Vol. 88 [2019], Iss. 2, Art. 3 https://scholarship.law.uc.edu/uclr/vol88/iss2/3 2020] TOO BIG A FISH IN THE DIGITAL POND? 477