Neutrality Studies
Neutrality Studies
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中立性研究
DOI：
10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.680
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Lottaz Pascal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
筒井清忠;村瀬信一;真辺将之;武田知己;奈良岡聰智;牧野邦昭;渡辺滋;季武嘉也;篠原初枝;廣部泉;永島広紀;麻田雅文;高原秀介;中谷直司;古川江里子;福家崇洋;進藤久美子;黒沢文貴;渡邉公太;髙杉洋平;小山俊樹;岩谷將;梶田明宏;芹口真結子;芹口真結子;芹口真結子;芹口真結子;芹口真結子;芹口真結子;芹口真結子;芹口真結子;芹口真結子;駒井匠;駒井匠;駒井匠;駒井匠;Pascal Lottaz;Lottaz Pascal;Lottaz Pascal
中立性研究作为历史和社会科学领域的一个学术课题，涉及国家和国际行为体的政治、法律、伦理、经济、规范和其他社会方面，这些国家和行为体试图与其他国家保持友好或公正的关系，这些国家是或可能成为国际冲突的当事方。在这方面，中立性研究是最广泛意义上的国际政治学科，包括国际法和国际关系。这是一个开放的空间，通过各种学术视角进行探索，包括（但不限于）现实主义、自由主义、建构主义和后结构主义。21世纪初的大多数中立研究都集中在特定时期或形式的中立上。为了讨论这个话题，区分两个层次的分析是有帮助的。首先，有历史研究描述了可观察到的中立行为现象及其相关影响，换句话说，是国家（或行为体）保持中立的具体实例。这主要是历史学家的研究领域。第二个层次是对中立情况的道德、法律、政治和观念评估，这是对问题（包括但不限于）潜在原因和中立对特定冲突动态、安全系统、身份和规范的更大影响的理论讨论。意识形态的争论经常发生在这个层面上，因为对中立性的理论评估在很大程度上取决于它们所伴随的冲突的主观框架。
The study of neutrality, as an academic subject in the fields of history and the social sciences, is concerned with the politics, laws, ethics, economics, norms, and other social aspects of states and international actors that attempt to maintain friendly or impartial relations with other states who are—or might become—parties to international conflict. In this regard, neutrality studies is a subject of international politics in its broadest sense, encompassing international law and international relations. It is an open space that has been explored through various academic lenses, including (but not limited to) realism, liberalism, constructivism, and poststructuralism. Most neutrality research in the early 21 st century is focused on particular periods or forms of neutrality. To discuss this topic, it is helpful to distinguish two levels of analysis. First, there is historical research that describes the observable phenomenon of neutral behavior and its related effects, in other words, specific instances when countries (or actors) remained neutral. This is mostly the domain of historians. The second level is the moral, legal, political, and ideational assessment of neutral situations, which are theoretical discussions that treat issues (including but not limited to) the underlying reasons and the larger impact of neutrality on specific conflict dynamics, security systems, identities, and norms. Ideological debates often occur on this level since theoretical assessments of neutrality depend heavily on the subjective framing of the conflicts they accompany.