New Media, Old Methods – Internet Methodologies and the Online/Offline Divide
New Media, Old Methods – Internet Methodologies and the Online/Offline Divide
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新媒体，旧方法——互联网方法论和线上/线下鸿沟
DOI：
10.1002/9781444314861.ch3
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Jensen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Jensen
在20世纪美国社会科学的两位重要人物之间的一次想象中的对话中，Wright米尔斯和Paul F. Lazarssen-Stein（1964）总结了一个问题，这个问题一直是关于传播和文化的研究方法的关键。在这个幻想中，米尔斯大声阅读了《社会学想象》（米尔斯，1959）的第一句话：“现在的男人常常觉得他们的私生活是一系列的陷阱。”“拉扎斯菲尔德”回答说：“有多少人，哪些人，他们有这种感觉多久了，他们的私人生活的哪些方面困扰着他们，他们的公共生活困扰着他们，他们什么时候感到自由而不是被困，他们经历了什么样的陷阱，等等，等等，等等”。（Stein，1964，p.215）（Gitlin，1978，p.223）。尽管“拉扎斯菲尔德”的定量表述仍有争议，尽管“人”的感受属于米尔斯的“当今”词汇，但今天仍然正确的是，宏大的理论主张需要具体的实证研究。在互联网作为公共媒体的头二十年里，许多乌托邦和反乌托邦的概念就是一个很好的例子，这对评估反复出现的关于互联网可能使其用户陷入困境或增强其能力的说法的研究提出了挑战。从未来的角度来看，互联网这一新媒体将逐渐老化，使研究人员能够审查其可能后果和影响的早期预测（Marvin，1988年）。其他新的媒体，也许是“物联网”（国际电联，2005年），进一步嵌入媒体在共同的对象和日常设置，将随之而来。研究的作用不是预测未来的媒体，而是为研究它们准备资源。哲学家索伦·克尔凯郭尔（Søren Kierkegaard）关于生活的说法适用于新媒体的研究：“生活只能向后理解;但它必须向前生活”（[1843] 2008）。在这一章中，我概述了一些研究的机会，接近互联网作为一个历史上不断演变的媒体环境的组成部分。我的第一个前提是，虽然早期强调离线和在线之间的划分，
In an imagined conversation between two of the key profiles of twentiethcentury American social science–C. Wright Mills and Paul F. Lazarsfeld–Stein (1964) summarized an issue that has remained key to research methodologies concerning communication and culture. The fantasy has Mills reading aloud the first sentence of The Sociological Imagination (Mills, 1959):“Nowadays men often feel that their private lives are a series of traps.”“Lazarsfeld” replies:“How many men, which men, how long have they felt this way, which aspects of their private lives bother them, do their public lives bother them, when do they feel free rather than trapped, what kinds of traps do they experience, etc., etc., etc.”(Stein, 1964, p. 215)(discussed in Gitlin, 1978, p. 223). Whereas “Lazarsfeld’s” quantitative formulations remain subject to debate, and while the vocabulary of how “men” feel belongs to Mills’“nowadays,” it is still true today that grand theoretical assertions call for concrete empirical investigation. The many utopian as well as dystopian conceptions of the Internet during its first two decades as a public medium are a case in point, challenging research to assess recurring claims that the Internet may be either entrapping or empowering its users. In a future perspective, the new medium of the Internet will grow old, enabling research to review early projections of its likely consequences and implications (Marvin, 1988). And other new media, perhaps an “Internet of things”(ITU, 2005) that further embeds media within common objects and everyday settings, will follow. The role of research is not to predict future media, but to prepare the resources for studying them. What the philosopher Søren Kierkegaard said about life as such applies to the study of new media:“Life can only be understood backwards; but it must be lived forwards”([1843] 2008). In this chapter, I outline some of the opportunities for studies that approach the Internet as one constituent of a historically evolving media environment. My first premise is that while the early emphasis on a divide between offline and online