The effects of neutralized particles on the sampling efficiency of polyurethane foam used to estimate the extrathoracic deposition fraction.
The effects of neutralized particles on the sampling efficiency of polyurethane foam used to estimate the extrathoracic deposition fraction.
复制标题
中和颗粒对用于估计胸外沉积分数的聚氨酯泡沫采样效率的影响。
DOI：
10.1080/15459624.2015.1091958
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Larson,RodneyR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tomyn,RonaldL;Sleeth,DarrahK;Thiese,MatthewS;Larson,RodneyR
除了化学成分外，吸入颗粒物的沉积部位对于确定暴露对健康的潜在影响也很重要。因此，国际标准化组织通过了一项颗粒沉积取样公约。这包括前鼻道（ET 1）和后鼻和口道（ET 2）的胸外颗粒沉积采样惯例。本研究评估了放置在职业医学研究所（IOM）采样器中的聚氨酯泡沫插件与胸外沉积采样惯例的匹配程度，同时考虑了测试颗粒中可能的静电积聚。通过这种方式，本研究旨在评估中和颗粒是否影响该采样器用于估计胸外颗粒沉积的性能。总共使用了三种不同的粒度（4.9、9.5和12.8 µm）。对于每次试验，将一种颗粒尺寸引入低速风洞中，风速设定为0.2 m/s（1040 ft/min）。选择该风速是为了紧密匹配大多数室内工作环境的条件。每种粒度测试两次，或者使用高压中和器中和，或者作为标准颗粒保持在其正常（未中和）状态。IOM采样器安装有聚氨酯泡沫插入件，并放置在风洞内的旋转人体模型上。计算所有试验的泡沫取样效率，以与标准化ET 1取样沉积惯例进行比较。泡沫采样效率匹配良好的ET 1沉积公约的较大的颗粒尺寸，但有一个总的趋势低估了所有三个颗粒尺寸。Wilcoxon秩和检验的结果还表明，仅在4.9 µm处，使用标准颗粒和中和颗粒的泡沫取样效率之间存在统计学显著差异（p值= 0.03）。这意味着可能会发生静电积聚，当估计胸外颗粒沉积时，中和直径为4.9 µm的颗粒确实会影响泡沫取样器的性能。
In addition to chemical composition, the site of deposition of inhaled particles is important for determining the potential health effects from an exposure. As a result, the International Organization for Standardization adopted a particle deposition sampling convention. This includes extrathoracic particle deposition sampling conventions for the anterior nasal passages (ET1) and the posterior nasal and oral passages (ET2). This study assessed how well a polyurethane foam insert placed in an Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) sampler can match an extrathoracic deposition sampling convention, while accounting for possible static buildup in the test particles. In this way, the study aimed to assess whether neutralized particles affected the performance of this sampler for estimating extrathoracic particle deposition. A total of three different particle sizes (4.9, 9.5, and 12.8 µm) were used. For each trial, one particle size was introduced into a low-speed wind tunnel with a wind speed set a 0.2 m/s (∼40 ft/min). This wind speed was chosen to closely match the conditions of most indoor working environments. Each particle size was tested twice either neutralized, using a high voltage neutralizer, or left in its normal (non neutralized) state as standard particles. IOM samplers were fitted with a polyurethane foam insert and placed on a rotating mannequin inside the wind tunnel. Foam sampling efficiencies were calculated for all trials to compare against the normalized ET1 sampling deposition convention. The foam sampling efficiencies matched well to the ET1 deposition convention for the larger particle sizes, but had a general trend of underestimating for all three particle sizes. The results of a Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test also showed that only at 4.9 µm was there a statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.03) between the foam sampling efficiency using the standard particles and the neutralized particles. This is interpreted to mean that static buildup may be occurring and neutralizing the particles that are 4.9 µm diameter in size did affect the performance of the foam sampler when estimating extrathoracic particle deposition.