Biomechanical appraisal of some skeletal features associated with head balance and posture in the Hominoidea.
Biomechanical appraisal of some skeletal features associated with head balance and posture in the Hominoidea.
复制标题
对人科动物头部平衡和姿势相关的一些骨骼特征的生物力学评估。
DOI：
10.1159/000144471
复制
发表时间：
1975
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
W. J. Moore
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Adams;W. J. Moore
髁状突位置指数，髁状突角度和插入的颈部肌肉组织的面积校正髁状突的位置，方向的肌肉拉动和头骨的大小进行了测定，在智人，大猩猩，潘和两个尼安德特人和两个南方古猿头骨的铸件。在所有三个属性中，H.在统计学上，智人的数量超过了猿属的数量。髁突位置指数值越大，表明头部平衡越好，髁突角指数值越大，表明脊柱的垂直方向越好，而矫正项面积指数值越大，表明H的项肌肉组织作用越差。与猿类相比在尼安德特人的头盖骨模型中，这些数值都在H的范围内，或者接近H的范围。智人。在南方古猿的模型中，髁突角在H.而髁突位置指数和校正项面积介于H.智人和现存的猿类。这些发现与从其他骨骼区域观察到的结果一致，即虽然南方古猿具有直立姿势，但这种生物在复杂的姿势重要形态特征方面与现存的人科动物不同。
The condylar position index, condylar angle and the area of insertion of the nuchal musculature corrected for condylar position, direction of muscle pull and skull size were determined in Homo sapiens, Gorilla, Pan and the casts of two Neanderthal and two australopithecine crania. In all three attributes, the values of H. sapiens exceeded, by statistically significant amounts, those for the ape genera. The greater value for the condylar position index indicates a better balance of the head, that for the condylar angle reflects the more vertical orientation of the vertebral column while that for the corrected nuchal area suggests a less effective nuchal musculature in H. sapiens as compared to the apes. In the casts of the Neanderthal crania, the values all came within, or close to, the ranges for H. sapiens. In the australopithecine casts, the condylar angle cane within the ranges for H. sapiens while the condylar position index and the corrected nuchal area were intermediate in value between H. sapiens and the extant apes. These findings are consistent with observations from other skeletal regions that while Australopithecus had an upright posture, this creature was, in the complex of posturally significant morphological features, distinct from extant hominoids.