Integration of biplanar X-ray, three-dimensional animation and particle simulation reveals details of human ‘track ontogeny’
Integration of biplanar X-ray, three-dimensional animation and particle simulation reveals details of human ‘track ontogeny’
复制标题
双平面X射线，三维动画和粒子模拟的集成揭示了人类“轨道个体发育”的细节
DOI：
10.1098/rsfs.2020.0075
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发表时间：
2021-08
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Kevin G. Hatala;S. Gatesy;P. Falkingham
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kevin G. Hatala;S. Gatesy;P. Falkingham
两足动物的出现对人类进化史产生了深远的影响，但原始人支系内运动模式的进化仍然知之甚少。化石足迹记录了灭绝的古人类的活体行为，它们为揭示人类化石记录中不同时间和地点的运动模式提供了巨大的潜力。然而，由于对产生它们的复杂的脚底相互作用的有限的知识，对于如何解释从足迹中产生的解剖或生物力学模式，还没有达成共识。在这里，我们实施基于工程的方法来了解人类足迹的形成，最终目标是从化石足迹中解锁关于人类运动的宝贵信息。我们首先开发了双平面X射线和三维动画技术，这些技术允许在生成轨迹时可视化脚底运动，并允许将脚部运动学与最终轨迹形态进行直接比较。然后我们应用离散元方法精确地模拟了人类航迹的形成过程，从而可以直接研究人类航迹的个体发育。这个窗口让我们可以观察特定的解剖学和/或运动学变量如何塑造人类足迹形态，并为稳健假设检验提供了一条新的途径，以便从古人类足迹推断足部解剖和运动模式。
The emergence of bipedalism had profound effects on human evolutionary history, but the evolution of locomotor patterns within the hominin clade remains poorly understood. Fossil tracks record in vivo behaviours of extinct hominins, and they offer great potential to reveal locomotor patterns at various times and places across the human fossil record. However, there is no consensus on how to interpret anatomical or biomechanical patterns from tracks due to limited knowledge of the complex foot–substrate interactions through which they are produced. Here, we implement engineering-based methods to understand human track formation with the ultimate goal of unlocking invaluable information on hominin locomotion from fossil tracks. We first developed biplanar X-ray and three-dimensional animation techniques that permit visualization of subsurface foot motion as tracks are produced, and that allow for direct comparisons of foot kinematics to final track morphology. We then applied the discrete element method to accurately simulate the process of human track formation, allowing for direct study of human track ontogeny. This window lets us observe how specific anatomical and/or kinematic variables shape human track morphology, and it offers a new avenue for robust hypothesis testing in order to infer patterns of foot anatomy and motion from fossil hominin tracks.