Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Trichoderma spp. against Phytopathogenic Bacteria and Root-Knot Nematode
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Trichoderma spp. against Phytopathogenic Bacteria and Root-Knot Nematode
复制标题
木霉属生物活性次级代谢产物。
DOI：
10.3390/microorganisms8030401
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发表时间：
2020-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Xie, Bingyan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Khan, Raja Asad Ali;Najeeb, Saba;Xie, Bingyan
由于传统管理措施的效力下降，植物病原菌和寄生线虫造成的作物损失正在增加。因此，迫切需要发展以非化学和生态友好为基础的管理来控制植物病害。利用生防菌及其次生代谢产物是防治作物病害的一个潜在途径。幸运的是，真菌，特别是木霉属包含大量的真菌菌株，这些真菌菌株是生物活性次级代谢产物的潜在生产者。本研究从10种木霉菌中分离出次生代谢产物。评价了它们对植物病原细菌青枯雷尔氏菌（Ralstonia solanacearum）、油菜黄单胞菌（Xanthomonas compestris）和植物寄生线虫南方根结线虫（Meloidogyne incognita）的抗菌和杀线虫潜力。评价了五种不同的生长培养基用于SM的生产。结果表明，不同木霉菌株的SMs均为阳性。在不同的生长培养基上获得的，其生物活性的程度不同。5种培养基的比较表明，固体小麦培养基和STP培养基上产生的SMs具有较高的抗菌活性。T. pseudoharzianum（T113）的SMs对所研究的细菌的抑制效果最好，其次是T. asperelloides（T136）、T. pseudoharzianum（T129）和T. pseudoharzianum（T160）。进一步通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察SM对细菌细胞形态的影响。扫描电镜观察表明，SM引起了细菌细胞壁破裂、细胞膜崩解、细胞内含物渗出等严重的形态学变化。来自T.在液体STP和固体小麦培养基上获得的M.结果表明，J2s幼虫死亡率和卵孵化抑制率均高于J2s幼虫。无名氏本研究结果提示T. pseudoharzianum（T113）和T.病毒科可作为有效的抗植物病原细菌和M.分别是不知名的。
Losses in crops caused by plant pathogenic bacteria and parasitic nematode are increasing because of a decrease in efficacy of traditional management measures. There is an urgent need to develop nonchemical and ecofriendly based management to control plant diseases. A potential approach of controlling plant disease in the crops is the use of biocontrol agents and their secondary metabolites (SMs). Luckily fungi and especially the genus Trichoderma comprise a great number of fungal strains that are the potential producer of bioactive secondary metabolites. In this study secondary metabolites from ten Trichoderma spp. were evaluated for their antibacterial and nematicidal potential against phytopathogenic bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum, Xanthomonas compestris and plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Five different growth media were evaluated for the production of SMs. It was shown that SMs of different Trichoderma spp. obtained on different growth media were different in the degree of their bioactivity. Comparison of five growth media showed that SMs produced on solid wheat and STP media gave higher antibacterial activity. SMs of T. pseudoharzianum (T113) obtained on solid wheat media were more effective against the studied bacteria followed by SMs from T. asperelloides (T136), T. pseudoharzianum (T129) and T. pseudoharzianum (T160). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was further conducted to observe the effect of SMs on bacterial cell morphology. As evident from the SEM, SMs produced severe morphological changes, such as rupturing of the bacterial cell walls, disintegration of cell membrane and cell content leaking out. SMs from T. viridae obtained on liquid STP and solid wheat media showed the highest percent of M. incognita juveniles (J2s) mortality and inhibition in egg hatching of M. incognita. The results of our study suggest that T. pseudoharzianum (T113) and T. viridae could be selected as an effective candidate for SMs source against phytopathogenic bacteria and M. incognita respectively.