Analysis of hazardous material releases due to natural hazards in the United States.
Analysis of hazardous material releases due to natural hazards in the United States.
复制标题
对美国自然灾害造成的有害物质释放的分析。
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. M. Cruz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Sengul;N. Santella;L. Steinberg;A. M. Cruz
1990 年至 2008 年间，向国家响应中心 (NRC) 报告的约 16,600 起危险材料（危险品）释放是由自然灾害造成的，占所有报告的危险品释放量的 3%。降雨引发的排放量最多（占总数的 26%），其次是与飓风有关的排放量（20%），其中许多是由 2005 年和 2008 年的重大事件造成的。另外 25% 的危险物质排放是由风、风暴或其他与天气相关的现象造成的。大规模释放最常见的原因是重大自然灾害。例如，飓风引起的储罐石油释放量占“natechs”期间石油释放总量的很大一部分（此处理解为自然灾害和由此导致的有害物质释放）。最常释放的化学物质包括氮氧化物、苯和多氯联苯。 natech 事件导致 3 人死亡、52 人受伤，至少 5,000 人被疏散。总体而言，结果表明，在研究期间（1990-2008 年），natech 的数量有所增加，可能对人类和环境造成严重影响。
Natural hazards were the cause of approximately 16,600 hazardous material (hazmat) releases reported to the National Response Center (NRC) between 1990 and 2008-three per cent of all reported hazmat releases. Rain-induced releases were most numerous (26 per cent of the total), followed by those associated with hurricanes (20 per cent), many of which resulted from major episodes in 2005 and 2008. Winds, storms or other weather-related phenomena were responsible for another 25 per cent of hazmat releases. Large releases were most frequently due to major natural disasters. For instance, hurricane-induced releases of petroleum from storage tanks account for a large fraction of the total volume of petroleum released during 'natechs' (understood here as a natural hazard and the hazardous materials release that results). Among the most commonly released chemicals were nitrogen oxides, benzene, and polychlorinated biphenyls. Three deaths, 52 injuries, and the evacuation of at least 5,000 persons were recorded as a consequence of natech events. Overall, results suggest that the number of natechs increased over the study period (1990-2008) with potential for serious human and environmental impacts.