Nonpolar Organic Compound Emission Rates for Light-Duty Diesel Engine Soybean and Waste Vegetable Oil Biodiesel Fuel Combustion
Nonpolar Organic Compound Emission Rates for Light-Duty Diesel Engine Soybean and Waste Vegetable Oil Biodiesel Fuel Combustion
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b01582
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Holmen, Britt A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kasumba, John;Holmen, Britt A.
很少有研究报道生物柴油尾气PM的详细有机化学成分，尽管有报道称，生物柴油尾气PM比柴油尾气PM对健康的影响更大在这里，我们比较了目标非极性有机分析物-19个正构烷烃、16个优先多环芳烃和10个脂肪酸甲酯(FAME)-在5个回收废植物油(WVO；B00、B10、B20、B50和B100)和3个初榨大豆油(大豆；BOO、B20和B100)生物柴油混合物(其中Bxx=体积%生物柴油)过渡运行期间的轻型柴油发动机废气颗粒物相排放率(ng/mug(PM))。以超低硫柴油(ULSD)和B100为原料，按体积比掺入生物柴油燃料。对于普通的B20混合燃料，FAMES的排放速率是正构烷烃的3-7倍，而对于B100，FAMES的排放速率增加到60-100倍。Bxx的总烷烃和总芳烃排放量趋势与燃料体积百分比的预期值一致，并且两种原料的超低硫柴油的比率相似。对于WVO和大豆，随着生物柴油含量(B10到B100)的增加，正构烷烃总排放速率分别比超低硫柴油降低5-86%和3-79%。WVO B100废气PM的总FAMEs排放量分别是WVO B10、B20和B50废气PM的7、3和2倍，大豆原料的比例相似。相反，尽管两种原料的多环芳烃排放量在统计上相似，但基于超低硫柴油与B100生物柴油的稀释，PAH排放量并没有下降到预期的程度，这表明FAME或润滑油燃烧是较高生物柴油混合物(大于B20)中多环芳烃形成的原因。由于回收植物油生物柴油的正构烷烃、多环芳烃和FAME的排放量与大豆生物柴油没有统计学上的差异，仅从非极性有机排放来看，回收的食用油生物柴油比原始植物油生物柴油更可取，因为它在作为可再生的低碳交通燃料之前用于食品制备。未来的研究应该量化使用DPF和SCR等排放控制设备如何改变WVO生物柴油的排放。
Very few studies report the detailed organic chemical composition of biodiesel exhaust PM despite reports that biodiesel exhaust PM leads to more adverse health effects than diesel exhaust PM. Here, we compare light-duty diesel engine exhaust particle-phase emission rates (ng/mu g (PM)) of target nonpolar organic analytes-19 n-alkanes, 16 priority PAHs, and 10 fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs)-during transient operation for 5 recycled waste vegetable oil (WVO; B00, B10, B20, B50, and B100) and 3 virgin soybean oil (soybean; BOO, B20, and B100) biodiesel blends (where Bxx = volume % biodiesel). Biodiesel fuels were blended volumetrically from ultralow sulfur diesel (ULSD) and B100 from each feedstock. FAMEs emission rates were 3-7 times higher than n-alkanes for the common B20 blend, increasing to 60-100 times for B100. Both total n-alkanes and total FAMES emission rate trends with Bxx were consistent with expected values based on fuel volume percent and similar ratios to ULSD were observed for both feedstocks. Total n-alkane emission rates decreased with increasing biodiesel content (B10 to B100) between 5-86% and 3-79% compared to ULSD, for WVO and soybean, respectively. Total FAMEs emission rates in WVO B100 exhaust PM were about 7, 3, and 2 times higher than WVO B10, B20, and B50 exhaust PM, respectively, with similar ratios for the soybean feedstock. In contrast, PAH emission rates, while statistically similar for both feedstocks, did not decrease as much as expected based on dilution of ULSD with B100 biodiesel, evidence that FAME or lubrication oil combustion account for PAH formation in higher biodiesel blends (greater than B20). Because emission rates of n-alkanes, PAHs, and FAMEs from recycled vegetable oil biodiesel were not statistically different from those for soybean biodiesel, based on nonpolar organic emissions alone, use of recycled waste cooking oil biodiesel is preferable to virgin vegetable oil biodiesel because of its dual use for food preparation prior to use as a renewable, low-carbon transportation fuel. Future studies should quantify how WVO biodiesel emissions are changed by use of emission control devices, such as DPF and SCR.