VOC emission rates over London and South East England obtained by airborne eddy covariance.
VOC emission rates over London and South East England obtained by airborne eddy covariance.
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DOI：
10.1039/c7fd00002b
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发表时间：
2017-08
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
A. Vaughan;James D. Lee;M. Shaw;P. Misztal;S. Metzger;S. Metzger;M. Vieno;B. Davison;T. Karl;L. Carpenter;A. Lewis;R. Purvis;A. Goldstein;C. Hewitt
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文献类型：
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作者：
A. Vaughan;James D. Lee;M. Shaw;P. Misztal;S. Metzger;S. Metzger;M. Vieno;B. Davison;T. Karl;L. Carpenter;A. Lewis;R. Purvis;A. Goldstein;C. Hewitt
挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）来源广泛，在影响空气质量方面发挥着内在的作用。包括苯在内的一些挥发性有机化合物是致癌物质，因此直接影响人类健康，而异戊二烯等其他挥发性有机化合物在大气中非常活跃，在形成臭氧和颗粒物等二次污染物方面发挥着重要作用。在这里，我们报告了2013年和2014年在伦敦和英格兰东南部进行的VOCs表面到大气通量的空间分辨测量。高频3-D风速和VOC体积混合比（质子转移反应-质谱法）从低空飞行的飞机获得，并用于计算通量使用涡度相关技术。然后使用足迹模型以100米的空间分辨率（平均为1公里）量化地面的通量贡献。大伦敦上空苯的测量通量与英国国家大气排放清单显示出积极的一致性，最高通量来自伦敦中部。MTBE和甲苯通量的比较表明，石油蒸发是在伦敦市中心的甲苯的一个重要的排放源。在伦敦以外的森林地区，异戊二烯的排放量增加，其增长率高于英国区域应用欧洲监测和评估方案模型（EMEP 4UK）的预测。这项工作证明了适用性的航空涡度协方差方法来确定人为和生物源的VOC通量和通过测量验证排放清单的可能性。
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) originate from a variety of sources, and play an intrinsic role in influencing air quality. Some VOCs, including benzene, are carcinogens and so directly affect human health, while others, such as isoprene, are very reactive in the atmosphere and play an important role in the formation of secondary pollutants such as ozone and particles. Here we report spatially-resolved measurements of the surface-to-atmosphere fluxes of VOCs across London and SE England made in 2013 and 2014. High-frequency 3-D wind velocities and VOC volume mixing ratios (made by proton transfer reaction - mass spectrometry) were obtained from a low-flying aircraft and used to calculate fluxes using the technique of eddy covariance. A footprint model was then used to quantify the flux contribution from the ground surface at spatial resolution of 100 m, averaged to 1 km. Measured fluxes of benzene over Greater London showed positive agreement with the UK's National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory, with the highest fluxes originating from central London. Comparison of MTBE and toluene fluxes suggest that petroleum evaporation is an important emission source of toluene in central London. Outside London, increased isoprene emissions were observed over wooded areas, at rates greater than those predicted by a UK regional application of the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme model (EMEP4UK). This work demonstrates the applicability of the airborne eddy covariance method to the determination of anthropogenic and biogenic VOC fluxes and the possibility of validating emission inventories through measurements.