Translation of biomedical prevention strategies for HIV: prospects and pitfalls.
Translation of biomedical prevention strategies for HIV: prospects and pitfalls.
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DOI：
10.1097/qai.0b013e31829202a2
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发表时间：
2013-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Audet CM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Vermund SH;Tique JA;Cassell HM;Pask ME;Ciampa PJ;Audet CM
预防艾滋病毒的生物医学方法的早期成就包括物理屏障（避孕套）、清洁的注射设备（用于医疗和注射吸毒者）、血液和血液制品安全以及预防母婴传播。近年来，降低传播风险（当感染者服用药物时;作为预防或TasP的治疗）或降低获得风险（当血清阴性者服用药物时;暴露前预防或PrEP）的抗逆转录病毒药物已被证明有效。男性包皮环切术也是一种与撒哈拉以南非洲等流行率较高地区相关的主要手段。控制性传播疾病和结核病的既定预防战略与艾滋病毒高度相关（即，筛查、与护理挂钩、早期治疗和接触者追踪）。不幸的是，一些现有的艾滋病毒预防战略进展缓慢，例如为不想多生孩子的感染艾滋病毒妇女实行计划生育和预防母婴传播艾滋病毒。目前的研究试图将策略整合到联合收割机结合生物医学、行为和结构方法以实现预防协同作用的方法中。这篇评论确定了主要的生物医学方法证明是有效的，现在可用。我们还强调需要减少行为风险和坚持作为任何生物医学方法的重要组成部分。
Early achievements in biomedical approaches for HIV prevention included physical barriers (condoms), clean injection equipment (both for medical use and for injection drug users), blood and blood product safety, and prevention of mother to child transmission. In recent years, antiretroviral drugs to reduce risk of transmission (when the infected person takes the medicines; treatment as prevention or TasP) or reduce risk of acquisition (when the seronegative person takes them; pre-exposure prophylaxis or PrEP) have proven efficacious. Circumcision of men has also been a major tool relevant for higher prevalence regions such as sub-Saharan Africa. Well-established prevention strategies in the control of sexually transmitted diseases and tuberculosis are highly relevant for HIV (i.e., screening, linkage to care, early treatment, and contact tracing). Unfortunately, only slow progress is being made in some available HIV prevention strategies such as family planning for HIV-infected women who do not want more children and prevention mother-to-child HIV transmission. Current studies seek to integrate strategies into approaches that combine biomedical, behavioral, and structural methods to achieve prevention synergies. This review identifies the major biomedical approaches demonstrated to be efficacious that are now available. We also highlight the need for behavioral risk reduction and adherence as essential components of any biomedical approach.