Revisiting Neighborhood Context and Racial Disparities in Drug Arrests Under the Opioid Epidemic
Revisiting Neighborhood Context and Racial Disparities in Drug Arrests Under the Opioid Epidemic
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DOI：
10.1177/2153368719877222
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发表时间：
2019-09-23
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
O'Connell, Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Donnelly, Ellen A.;Wagner, Jascha;O'Connell, Daniel
随着近年来阿片类药物成瘾的增加，毒品逮捕中的种族差异可能在规模和来源上发生变化。邻里条件，如经济劣势和种族组成，是逮捕种族差异的强大决定因素。然而，药物过量和警方对这些事件的反应可能会改变毒品逮捕的社区背景，特别是那些与海洛因、合成毒品和相关鸦片衍生物犯罪有关的毒品逮捕。本研究通过对特拉华州各地毒品持有和销售逮捕的物质类型进行社区层面的黑人-白人差异分析，重新审视了逮捕差异的环境相关性。空间模型估计表明，经济劣势和种族多样性的社区大大增加黑人逮捕率。相反，白色逮捕率的增长与更多的服务过量事件，种族同质性，并在较小程度上，在一个社区内的经济劣势的要求。逮捕的差异也因物质类型而异，因为白人的海洛因逮捕与大麻、可卡因和其他物质的白色逮捕或任何物质的黑人逮捕相比，与更高的过量服务电话最相关。结果强调，需要重新审查邻里条件和逮捕的差异，由于毒品使用和毒品执法的新变化。
As opioid addiction has risen in recent years, racial disparities in drug arrests may be changing in their size and sources. Neighborhood conditions, like economic disadvantage and racial composition, are powerful determinants of racial differences in arrests. Overdoses and police responses to these incidents may, however, alter the neighborhood context of drug arrests, especially those tied to heroin, synthetic narcotics, and related opium derivatives offenses. This study revisits the environmental correlates of arrest disparities by conducting a neighborhood-level analysis of Black-White differences in drug possession and selling arrests by substance type across the State of Delaware. Spatial model estimates suggest economic disadvantage and racial diversity in neighborhoods substantially increase Black arrest rates. Conversely, White arrest rates grow with more calls for service for overdose incidents, racial homogeneity, and to a lesser extent, economic disadvantage within a community. Disparities in arrest also vary by substance type, as heroin arrests for Whites are most correlated with higher overdose service calls relative to White arrests for marijuana, cocaine, and other substances or Black arrests for any substance. Results underscore the need to reexamine neighborhood conditions and arrest disparities due to emerging shifts in drug use and drug law enforcement.