The hydrogen fuel alternative
The hydrogen fuel alternative
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DOI：
10.1557/mrs2008.84
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发表时间：
2008-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Dresselhaus, M. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crabtree, G. W.;Dresselhaus, M. S.
氢的清洁度和燃料电池的效率结合在一起，为化石燃料提供了一种有吸引力的替代品。然而，大规模实施氢动力燃料电池需要在氢的生产、储存和使用方面取得重大进展。可再生地分解水提供了最丰富和气候友好的氢源，可以通过电解，光化学或生物手段实现。虽然目前可用的氢化物化合物不能很容易地满足车载氢存储运输的竞争要求，纳米科学提供了有前途的新方法来应对这一挑战。如果能够克服组件的成本和性能挑战，燃料电池可以为运输和电网分配提供潜在的高效电力生产。氢提供了多种途径，以实现向可再生燃料混合物的过渡。
The cleanliness of hydrogen and the efficiency of fuel cells taken together offer an appealing alternative to fossil fuels. Implementing hydrogen-powered fuel cells on a significant scale, however, requires major advances in hydrogen production, storage, and use. Splitting water renewably offers the most plentiful and climate-friendly source of hydrogen and can be achieved through electrolytic, photochemical, or biological means. Whereas presently available hydride compounds cannot easily satisfy the competing requirements for on-board storage of hydrogen for transportation, nanoscience offers promising new approaches to this challenge. Fuel cells offer potentially efficient production of electricity for transportation and grid distribution, if cost and performance challenges of components can be overcome. Hydrogen offers a variety of routes for achieving a transition to a mix of renewable fuels.