New Downstream Signaling Branches of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascades Identified in the Insect Pathogenic and Plant Symbiotic Fungus Metarhizium robertsii.
New Downstream Signaling Branches of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascades Identified in the Insect Pathogenic and Plant Symbiotic Fungus Metarhizium robertsii.
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在昆虫病原菌和植物共生真菌罗伯茨绿僵菌中鉴定出丝裂原激活蛋白激酶级联的新下游信号分支
DOI：
10.3389/ffunb.2022.911366
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发表时间：
2022
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真菌依靠 MAPK（丝裂原激活蛋白激酶）信号通路等主要信号通路来调节其对波动环境条件的反应，这对于真菌在环境中持续存在至关重要。绿僵菌具有多种生活方式和卓越的抗逆性。一些物种，尤其是罗伯氏菌，是研究真菌生态适应机制的新兴模型。在这里，我们回顾了最近在M. robertsii中发现的MAPK级联的新下游分支，它控制无性繁殖（分生孢子）、昆虫感染以及碳和氮营养物的选择。 Myb 转录因子 RNS1 似乎是一个中央调节因子，它传递来自 Fus3- 和 Slt2-MAPK 级联的信息，分别激活昆虫感染和分生孢子形成。另一个中枢调节因子是转录因子 AFTF1，它转导来自 Fus3-MAPK 和膜蛋白 Mr-OPY2 的信号，以优化宿主角质层上感染结构的形成。这些新发现的调节因子的同源物在其他绿僵菌属物种和许多非绿僵菌真菌中被发现，表明这些新的 MAPK 级联下游信号分支可能广泛存在。
Fungi rely on major signaling pathways such as the MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) signaling pathways to regulate their responses to fluctuating environmental conditions, which is vital for fungi to persist in the environment. The cosmopolitan Metarhizium fungi have multiple lifestyles and remarkable stress tolerance. Some species, especially M. robertsii, are emerging models for investigating the mechanisms underlying ecological adaptation in fungi. Here we review recently identified new downstream branches of the MAPK cascades in M. robertsii, which controls asexual production (conidiation), insect infection and selection of carbon and nitrogen nutrients. The Myb transcription factor RNS1 appears to be a central regulator that channels information from the Fus3- and Slt2-MAPK cascade to activate insect infection and conidiation, respectively. Another hub regulator is the transcription factor AFTF1 that transduces signals from the Fus3-MAPK and the membrane protein Mr-OPY2 for optimal formation of the infection structures on the host cuticle. Homologs of these newly identified regulators are found in other Metarhizium species and many non-Metarhizium fungi, indicating that these new downstream signaling branches of the MAPK cascades could be widespread.