BEHAVIORAL ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF STRESS EFFECTS ON ACUTE MOTIVATION FOR ALCOHOL
BEHAVIORAL ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF STRESS EFFECTS ON ACUTE MOTIVATION FOR ALCOHOL
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DOI：
10.1002/jeab.114
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
MacKillop, James
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Owens, Max M.;Ray, Lara A.;MacKillop, James
由于定义和测量的问题，在测量酒精和其他药物的急性动机时过分强调主观渴望仍然存在争议。行为经济学方法越来越多地被应用于更好地理解急性药物动机，特别是通过购买任务使用需求曲线建模来表征药物的感知强化价值。这种方法侧重于使用更客观的动机指数，如消费单位、货币支出和价格敏感度。为了扩展这一研究路线，目前的研究使用了酒精购买任务来确定，与中性诱导相比，个性化的压力诱导是否会增加重度饮酒者样本中的酒精需求。压力诱导显着增加了酒精对个人的强化价值的多项措施，包括零价格（强度）的消费，在酒精上花费的最大总金额（O-max），消费减少到零的第一个价格（断点），以及消费对价格上涨的一般反应（弹性）。这些指标与渴望和情绪的相关性很小。自我报告的收入在很大程度上与需求无关，但缓和了压力对O-max的影响。基于CRH-BP基因型（rs 10055255）的适度存在O-max，T等位基因纯合子在应激反应中表现出更明显的增加。这些结果提供了进一步的支持行为经济学方法来衡量急性药物动机。研究结果还强调了收入和遗传因素在理解国家对酒精感知增强价值的影响方面的潜在相关性。
Due to issues of definition and measurement, the heavy emphasis on subjective craving in the measurement of acute motivation for alcohol and other drugs remains controversial. Behavioral economic approaches have increasingly been applied to better understand acute drug motivation, particularly using demand curve modeling via purchase tasks to characterize the perceived reinforcing value of the drug. This approach has focused on using putatively more objective indices of motivation, such as units of consumption, monetary expenditure, and price sensitivity. To extend this line of research, the current study used an alcohol purchase task to determine if, compared to a neutral induction, a personalized stress induction would increase alcohol demand in a sample of heavy drinkers. The stress induction significantly increased multiple measures of the reinforcing value of alcohol to the individual, including consumption at zero price (intensity), the maximum total amount of money spent on alcohol (O-max), the first price where consumption was reduced to zero (breakpoint), and the general responsiveness of consumption to increases in price (elasticity). These measures correlated only modestly with craving and mood. Self-reported income was largely unrelated to demand but moderated the influence of stress on O-max. Moderation based on CRH-BP genotype (rs10055255) was present for O-max, with T allele homozygotes exhibiting more pronounced increases in response to stress. These results provide further support for a behavioral economic approach to measuring acute drug motivation. The findings also highlight the potential relevance of income and genetic factors in understanding state effects on the perceived reinforcing value of alcohol.